ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN CHLOROPLASTS OF <i>PHASEOLUS VULGARIS</i> DURING DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

Whatley, Jean M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1971.tb02573.x

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Negative starch degradation process due to the absence of necessary degradative enzymes caused by nitrogen deficiency is assumed in these non-active chloroplasts. Similar studies in different plant species have been observed in this regard (Thomson and Weier, 1962;Whatley, 1971;Chonan et al, 1977), reflecting large starch grains in the chloroplasts of nitrogen deficient plants. In the present study, it seems that the size of chloroplast is directly affected by the continuous accumulation of starch grains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Development of Chloroplast in the Mesophyll Cells of Satsuma Mandarin Foliar Sprayed with Urea

Aguja¹,

Mohammad²,

Shiraishi³

1998

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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The development of chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells of control and urea-applied satsuma mandarin leaves were studied. At 20 days after budding (DAB) active differentiation of chloroplasts in urea-applied trees was evident. However, on a length times width basis, chloroplasts were small in both palisade (1.99 × 0.70 µm ) starch grains. The thylakoid layers per chloroplast were lesser (2.80) in this treatment compared to control (3.72). At 40 DAB, both control and urea-applied trees reached chloroplast maturity, but control trees had bigger chloroplast (4.87 × 2.39 µm 2 ) in the palisade layer cells which contained extremely large and numerous starch grains with few dilated thylakoid layers. Degenerating chloroplasts in the spongy layer cells of control trees were characterized by the disappearance of the outer membrane. While urea-applied trees had smaller chloroplast (4.56 × 2.39 µm 2 ) in the palisade layer. Further, few small starch grains, thylakoid-filled stroma and many lipid droplets were found. Moreover, thylakoid layers were about to dilate but outer membrane of the chloroplasts remained intact in both palisade and spongy layer cells. Compared to the palisade layer cells, chloroplasts in the spongy were bigger (5.32 x 1.95 µm 2 ).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Development of Chloroplast in the Mesophyll Cells of Satsuma Mandarin Foliar Sprayed with Urea

Aguja¹,

Mohammad²,

Shiraishi³

1998

Pakistan J. of Biological Sciences

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“…16). With increasing age the lamellar alignment shows increasing distortion (Whatley, 1971a) and granal orientation becomes more varied, some grana being sectioned parallel to the face of the discs and others at right angles (Plate 3,No. 17).…”

Section: Stage XIImentioning

confidence: 99%

CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY LEAVES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Whatley¹

1974

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYChanges in plastid ultrastructure in the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris were followed during the period of seed development and, following a period of dormancy, throughout the life span of the leaf from germination to senescence. The total life span of the leaf was about 14 weeks. During this time the plastid remained as a proplastid for about 7 weeks. Following germination, synchronous developmental changes associated with lamellar production, which lasted for a period of i week, resulted in the change of the proplastid into a mature chloroplast. This mature chloroplast was characteristic of the subsequent period of 2 weeks, then changes in plastid shape and in the lamellar alignment led eventually to senescence some 3-4 weeks later. The period of rapid synchronous development during the week following germination was observed in detail and a comparison made with plastid development in plants grown in continuous darkness. Three transitory stages were consistently observed between other more persistent and generally recognized plastid developmental stages. The first occurs when the E.R. partially surrounds the proplastid during early germination; the second when the proplastid assumes an amoeboid configuration which is postulated as a precursor to various divergent plastid types; the third occurs between the developing plastid with perforated stroma lamellae and incipient grana and the mature chloroplast with continuous aligned lamellae and stacked grana.

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“…In cotton it diminished leaf size and stem elongation, protein and soluble sugars, and caused chlorosis (2). Chloroplasts contain proteins rich in S (4) and chloroplast morphology is considerably affected by S deficiency (3,8,16). Pirson (7) concluded that S deficiency upsets photosynthesis in a profound way which, after readdition of external sulfate, can only be corrected slowly through the synthesis of new protein and Chl.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfur on the Photosynthesis of Intact Leaves and Isolated Chloroplasts of Sugar Beets

Terry¹

1976

Plant Physiol.

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Effects of sulfur on photosynthesis in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L. cv. F58-554H1) were studied by inducing sulfur deficiency and determining changes in the photosynthesis of whole attached leaves and of isolated chloroplasts. The rates of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by intact leaves, photoreduction of ferricyanide, cydic and noncydic photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts, and the rate of CO2 assimilation by ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, decreased with decrease in total leaf sulfur from 2500 to about 500 lsg g-' dry weight. Sulfur deficiency reduced photosynthesis through an effect on chlorophyll content, which decreased linearly with leaf sulfur, and by decreasing the rate of photosynthesis per unit chlorophyfl. There was only a small effect of sulfur *deficiency on stomatal diffusion resistance to CO2 until leaf sulfur decreased below 1000 Ag g-' when stomatal resistance became a more significant proportion of the total diffusion resistance to CO2. Light respiration rates were positively correlated with photosynthesis rates and dark respiration was unchanged as leaf sulfur concentrations dedlned.after planting, according to the procedure outlined earlier (11). Plants were harvested at 2-or 3-day intervals beginning on the first day of treatment. At each harvest, measurements (see references given in parentheses for descriptions of procedures) were made of: (a) the concentrations of mineral elements in the leaf blade, i.e., Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn, sulfate S and total S (6, 12); (b) Chl content per unit area of leaf (10); (c) CO2 and water vapor exchange and surface leaf temperatures of individual attached leaves (11, 14); (d) photoreduction of ferricyanide and the concomitant production of ATP (noncyclic photophosphorylation) by isolated chloroplasts, and cyclic photophosphorylation using PMS as catalyst (10); and (e) 14CO2 assimilation by RuDP carboxylase extracts (10).Sulfur deficiency has pronounced effects on plant growth. In cotton it diminished leaf size and stem elongation, protein and soluble sugars, and caused chlorosis (2). Chloroplasts contain proteins rich in S (4) and chloroplast morphology is considerably affected by S deficiency (3,8,16). Pirson (7) concluded that S deficiency upsets photosynthesis in a profound way which, after readdition of external sulfate, can only be corrected slowly through the synthesis of new protein and Chl.Reports on the effects of S on photosynthesis are conflicting. Spencer and Possingham (9) found that S deficiency decreased the Hill reaction activity of isolated tomato chloroplasts, whereas Baszynski et al. (1) found that photosystem II activity in isolated maize chloroplasts was increased by S deficiency and photosystem I activity decreased only slightly. Further investigation on the effects of S appears warranted.The present investigation explores the effects of S on photosynthesis by following changes in net CO2 exchange of attached leaves, as well as electron transport and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts, and CO2 assimi...

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ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN CHLOROPLASTS OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS DURING DEVELOPMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY

Cited by 52 publications

References 30 publications

Development of Chloroplast in the Mesophyll Cells of Satsuma Mandarin Foliar Sprayed with Urea

Development of Chloroplast in the Mesophyll Cells of Satsuma Mandarin Foliar Sprayed with Urea

CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT IN PRIMARY LEAVES OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

Effects of Sulfur on the Photosynthesis of Intact Leaves and Isolated Chloroplasts of Sugar Beets

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