Ultrastructural changes in gill chloride cells during smoltification in wild and hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Mizuno, Shinya; Ura, Kiyoe; Okubo, Tadashi; Chida, Yuka; Misaka, Naoyuki; Adachi, Souichi; Yamauchi, Kazuyo

doi:10.1046/j.1444-2906.2000.00107.x

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Cortisol induces increase in transcript levels and synthesis of gill Na + ,K + -ATPase α-subunit in masu salmon (Ura et al, unpublished data). In masu salmon, development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were observed in gill chloride cells in March and April, suggesting active synthesis of new proteins including Na + ,K + -ATPase (Mizuno et al, 2000). These informations may suggest that cortisol acts directly in CR of the gill chloride cell, then it induces increase in synthesis of Na + ,K + -ATPase α-subunit in the gill chloride cell during increase in serum cortisol concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…To enhance seawater adaptability in the gill, Na + ,K + -ATPase activity increases as do the size and number of chloride cells, which facilitate ion exchange between the internal and external environment (McCormick, 1995). The ultrastructure of the chloride cell also changes dramatically (Mizuno et al, 2000). It has been shown that these changes are mainly regulated by the action of cortisol and growth hormone (GH) (McCormick, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Transcript Levels of Gill Cortisol Receptor during Smoltification in Wild Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Mizuno

Ura²,

Onodera³

et al. 2001

Zoological Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Transcript Levels of Gill Cortisol Receptor during Smoltification in Wild Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Mizuno

Ura²,

Onodera³

et al. 2001

Zoological Science

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“…Instead, it may be speculated that increased smolt sensitivity results from morphological changes in the gill epithelium during smolting, including an increase in the number and size of chloride cells , as well as ultrastructural changes in chloride cell associations with other cells in the gill (Pisam et al, 1988;Mizuno et al, 2000). In particular, Pisam et al (1988) demonstrated that accessory cells linked to apical portions of chloride cells by shallow junctions were present in Atlantic salmon smolts but not in parr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts

Monette

McCormick

2008

Aquatic Toxicology

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Episodic acidification resulting in increased acidity and inorganic aluminum (Al i ) is known to impact anadromous salmonids and has been identified as a possible cause of Atlantic salmon population decline. Sensitive life-stages such as smolts may be particularly vulnerable to impacts of short-term (days-week) acid/Al exposure, however the extent and mechanism(s) of this remain unknown. To determine if Atlantic salmon smolts are more sensitive than parr to short-term acid/Al, parr and smolts held in the same experimental tanks were exposed to control (pH 6.3-6.6, 11-37 g l −1 Al i ) and acid/Al (pH 5.0-5.4, 43-68 g l −1 Al i ) conditions in the lab, and impacts on ion regulation, stress response and gill Al accumulation were examined after 2 and 6 days. Parr and smolts were also held in cages for 2 and 6 days in a reference (Rock River, RR) and an acid/Al-impacted tributary (Ball Mountain Brook, BMB) of the West River in Southern Vermont. In the lab, losses in plasma Cl − levels occurred in both control parr and smolts as compared to fish sampled prior to the start of the study, however smolts exposed to acid/Al experienced additional losses in plasma Cl − levels (9-14 mM) after 2 and 6 days, and increases in plasma cortisol (4.3-fold) and glucose (2.9-fold) levels after 6 days, whereas these parameters were not significantly affected by acid/Al in parr. Gill Na + ,K + -ATPase (NKA) activity was not affected by acid/Al in either life-stage. Both parr and smolts held at BMB (but not RR) exhibited declines in plasma Cl − , and increases in plasma cortisol and glucose levels; these differences were significantly greater in smolts after 2 days but similar in parr and smolts after 6 days. Gill NKA activity was reduced 45-54% in both life-stages held at BMB for 6 days compared to reference fish at RR. In both studies, exposure to acid/Al resulted in gill Al accumulation in parr and smolts, with parr exhibiting two-fold greater gill Al than smolts after 6 days. Our results indicate that smolts are more sensitive than parr to short-term acid/Al. Increased sensitivity of smolts appears to be independent of a reduction in gill NKA activity and greater gill Al accumulation. Instead, increased sensitivity of smolts is likely a result of both the acquisition of seawater tolerance while still in freshwater and heightened stress responsiveness in preparation for seawater entry and residence.

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“…MRCs on filaments were much larger than those on lamellae that also have been found in anadromous salmonids (Mizuno et al 2000;Uchida et al 1996) and shad (Zydlewski and McMormick 2001). MRCs in both locations are often present in hyposmotic environments, whereas in hyperosmotic environments, lamellar MRCs are often not present, presumably because active ion uptake is not as necessary, although ion uptake can also occur from cells located on the filament as well (Laurent et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Adaptive alterations on gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and mitochondrion-rich cells of juvenile Acipenser sinensis acclimated to brackish water

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2015

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Understanding the physiological changes and osmoregulatory strategy is critical for anadromous species to adapt to large changes between freshwater and marine environments. In this study, juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) were acclimated for 2 months to freshwater (FW, c. 0‰) and brackish water (BW, 15‰). Blood was assessed for changes in osmolality and ions. Gill tissue was assayed for Na(+), K(+)-ATPase (NKA) activity and immunohistochemical analysis on mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs). Serum osmolality and ions concentrations (Na(+), Cl(-) and K(+)) examined, except K(+), increased significantly in those specimens adapted to BW. However, the variations were within the range of effective hyperosmotic adaptation. The specific activity of gill NKA of juveniles adapted to BW was significantly higher (c. 1.6 times) than that of fish adapted to FW. MRCs were mainly presented in the interlamellar region of the filament and at the base of the lamella in either FW- or BW-acclimated individuals. In BW, the number and size of MRCs on filaments greatly increased. However, there was no significant difference in the number and size of the MRCs at the lamella region. Results show that juvenile Chinese sturgeon keep osmotic homeostasis in hyperosmotic environments by increasing gill NKA activity and MRCs' size and number, which is similar to other sturgeons and euryhaline teleosts.

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Ultrastructural changes in gill chloride cells during smoltification in wild and hatchery-reared masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in Transcript Levels of Gill Cortisol Receptor during Smoltification in Wild Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Changes in Transcript Levels of Gill Cortisol Receptor during Smoltification in Wild Masu Salmon, Oncorhynchus masou

Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts

Adaptive alterations on gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and mitochondrion-rich cells of juvenile Acipenser sinensis acclimated to brackish water

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