Ultrastructural changes in the pyrenoid of the lichenParmelia sulcata stored under controlled conditions

Brown, D. H.; Ascaso, Carmen; Rapsch, Sonia

doi:10.1007/bf01276362

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…We also saw more pyrenoglobuli in the flight dark samples than in the Earth control samples. Transmission electron microscopy pictures show the consequences of dehydration to be a peripheral location of pyrenoglobuli inside the pyrenoid (Ascaso and Galván, 1976;Ascaso, 1978), a decrease in the number of pyrenoglobuli per pyrenoid area (Ascaso et al, 1986), or a weak staining of parts of the proteinaceous pyrenoid matrix (Ascaso, 1978;Brown et al, 1987). The desiccation tolerance of lichen species from arid habitats has been fully reviewed and discussed by Kappen and Valladares (2007) and in other works (Lange et al, 1997(Lange et al, , 2006Pintado et al, 2005;Del Prado and Sancho, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

et al. 2011

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The Lithopanspermia space experiment was launched in 2007 with the European Biopan facility for a 10-day spaceflight on board a Russian Foton retrievable satellite. Lithopanspermia included for the first time the vagrant lichen species Aspicilia fruticulosa from Guadalajara steppic highlands (Central Spain), as well as other lichen species. During spaceflight, the samples were exposed to selected space conditions, that is, the space vacuum, cosmic radiation, and different spectral ranges of solar radiation (λ ≥ 110, ≥200, ≥290, or ≥400 nm, respectively). After retrieval, the algal and fungal metabolic integrity of the samples were evaluated in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence, ultrastructure, and CO(2) exchange rates. Whereas the space vacuum and cosmic radiation did not impair the metabolic activity of the lichens, solar electromagnetic radiation, especially in the wavelength range between 100 and 200 nm, caused reduced chlorophyll a yield fluorescence; however, there was a complete recovery after 72 h of reactivation. All samples showed positive rates of net photosynthesis and dark respiration in the gas exchange experiment. Although the ultrastructure of all flight samples showed some probable stress-induced changes (such as the presence of electron-dense bodies in cytoplasmic vacuoles and between the chloroplast thylakoids in photobiont cells as well as in cytoplasmic vacuoles of the mycobiont cells), we concluded that A. fruticulosa was capable of repairing all space-induced damage. Due to size limitations within the Lithopanspermia hardware, the possibility for replication on the sun-exposed samples was limited, and these first results on the resistance of the lichen symbiosis A. fruticulosa to space conditions and, in particular, on the spectral effectiveness of solar extraterrestrial radiation must be considered preliminary. Further testing in space and under space-simulated conditions will be required. Results of this study indicate that the quest to discern the limits of lichen symbiosis resistance to extreme environmental conditions remains open.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

et al. 2011

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“…Thalli of U. cinereorufescens were collected in the Sierra de Credos, Avila (Spain). Samples of both species were fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in Spurr's resin as in Ascaso et aL(1988). In all cases, the samples were processed within 2 days after collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This author called the pyrenoids with a morphological appearance similar to that described by Fisher and Lang (1971b) in Trebouxia impressa as Impressa-type pyrenoids. Ultrastructural changes induced in photobionts with Zmpressa-type pyrenoids were studied by subjecting the thalli to a range of controlled desiccation and rehydration regimes (Brown et al 1987). However, many aspects of the lichenized algal pyrenoid remain to be investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nearly all aspects related to structures that occasionally appear between chloroplast thylakoids and that have an appearance similar to that of the pyrenoid matrix but generally lack tubules and pyrenoglobuli are also unknown. In a previous investigation carried out with Parmelia sulcata, these structures were named "protein bodies" (Brown et al 1988). Furthermore, it is unknown whether or not Rubisco exists in pyrenoids of lichenized algae (Badger et al 1993), although this enzyme has been found in the pyrenoid of free-living algae.…”

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NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF PYRENOIDS OF THE LICHEN PHOTOBIONTTREBOUXZA(MICROTHAMNIALES, CHLOROPHYTA)¹

Ascaso

Valladares

Ríos

1995

Journal of Phycology

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The pyrenoid structure of Trebouxia, a photobiont of two lichen species, Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Frey and Parmelia sulcata Taylor, was investigated. In both lichen species, the pyrenoid of the photobiont exhibited straight, unbranched, long or short tubules. In the first lichen species, multiple pyrenoids were observed occasionally, while in the second one, homogeneous masses, called protein bodies, appeared between the thylakoids. These protein bodies were previously observed in some other species of the family Umbilicariaceae. Serial sections from single pyrenoids showed that tubules of the Impressa‐type pyrenoid were closely associated with pyrenoglobuli. The three‐dimensional reconstruction of a complete chloroplast of a P. sulcata algal cell showed that the protein bodies were spatially separate structures. Immunolocalization techniques to detect the presence of ribulose‐bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) in the chloroplast showed that this enzyme was present primarily in the pyrenoid matrix. When protein bodies were present in the chloroplast, Rubisco appeared to be localized in these structures. The presence of pyrenoid satellites and protein bodies with reactivity to anti‐Rubisco may be related to the nutritional conditions of the thalli.

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“…Despite the presence of a CCM, lichenised Trebouxia species seem to be sensitive to changes in the CO3 to O., ratio and there is evidence that the CCM mechanism might be repressed in green algal cells grown at higher CO3 (Cowan, Lange & Green, 1992;Badger et al, 1993). In addition, Parmelia sulcata Taylor, a lichen containing Trebouxia as the photobiont, although rather resistant to acidic air pollutants (Von Arb & Brunold, 1990) is negatively affected by moderate levels of O( Nash & Sigal, 1979), and the ultrastructure of its photobiont is well known (Brown, Ascaso & Rapsch, 1987, 1988Ascaso, Valladares & de los Rios. 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO₂ and O₃ on green‐algal lichens

Balaguer

Valladares²,

Ascaso³

et al. 1996

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYParmelia sulcata Taylor was used as a model to examine the efFects of elevated CO.^ and/or O^ on green algal lichens. Tballi were exposed for 30 d in duplicate controlied-environment chambers to two atmospheric concentrations of CO^ ('ambient' [350 /(mol mol '] and 'elevated ' [700 //mol mol"'] 24 h d"') and two O,, regimes ('non-polluted' air [CF, < 5 nmol mol"'] and 'polluted' air [15nmQlmol"' overnight rising to a midday maximum of 75 nmol mol"']). in a factorial design. Elevated CO^ or elevated Oj depressed the light saturated rate of COj assimilation (-4^^,) measured at ambient CO.^ by 30 "" and 18 "", respectively. However, despite this efTect ulfrastrucfura) studies revealed increased Jipid axorage in ce]]s oi the phoEobJonr in response to CO^-enrichment. Simultaneous exposure to elevated O^ reduced CO.,-induced lipid accumulation and reduced -4,^, in an additive manner. Gold-antibody labelling revealed that the decline in photosynthetic capacity induced by elevated CO, and/or O^ was accompanied by a parallel decrease in the concentration of Rubisco in the algal pyrenoid (r = 0-93). Interestingly, differences in the amount of Rubisco protein were not correlated with changes in pyrenoid volume. Measurements of in vivo chlorophyll-fluorescence induction kinetics showed that the decline in ,4^^^ induced by elevated CO., and/or O^ was not associated with significant changes in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem (PS) II. Although the experimental conditions inevitably imposed some stress on the thalli, revealed as a significant decline in the efficiency of PS II photochemistry, and enhanced starch accumulation in the photobiont over the fumigation period, the study shows tbat tbe green-algal lichen symbiosis might be influenced by future changes in atmospheric composition. Pbotosynthetic capacity, measured at ambient CO,, was found to be reduced after a controlled 30 d exposure to elevated CO^ and/or O,^ and this efTect was associated with a parallel decline in tbe amount of Rubisco in the pyrenoid of algal chloropiasts.

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Ultrastructural changes in the pyrenoid of the lichenParmelia sulcata stored under controlled conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF PYRENOIDS OF THE LICHEN PHOTOBIONTTREBOUXZA(MICROTHAMNIALES, CHLOROPHYTA)¹

Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO₂ and O₃ on green‐algal lichens

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Ultrastructural changes in the pyrenoid of the lichenParmelia sulcata stored under controlled conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

Whole Lichen Thalli Survive Exposure to Space Conditions: Results of Lithopanspermia Experiment withAspicilia fruticulosa

NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF PYRENOIDS OF THE LICHEN PHOTOBIONTTREBOUXZA(MICROTHAMNIALES, CHLOROPHYTA)1

Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO2 and O3 on green‐algal lichens

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NEW ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF PYRENOIDS OF THE LICHEN PHOTOBIONTTREBOUXZA(MICROTHAMNIALES, CHLOROPHYTA)¹

Potential effects of rising tropospheric concentrations of CO₂ and O₃ on green‐algal lichens