Ultrastructural Characterisation and Molecular Taxonomic Identification of <i>Nosema granulosis</i> n. sp., a Transovarially Transmitted Feminising (TTF) Microsporidium

Terry, R. S.; Smith, Judith E.; Bouchon, Didier; Rigaud, Thierry; Duncanson, P.; Sharpe, Rose G.; Dunn, Alison M.

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb06066.x

Cited by 73 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This higher mortality could be explained by the presence of other parasites as vertically-transmitted microsporidia parasites which are found in many arthropod species (Terry et al 1999;Ironside et al 2003;Weedall et al 2006;Haine et al 2007), especially in females (Haine et al 2004). In a previous study, we demonstrated that these microsporidia parasites accentuated oxidative stress in G. roeseli females exposed to cadmium (Gismondi et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acanthocephalan parasites: help or burden in gammarid amphipods exposed to cadmium?

2012

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acanthocephalan parasites: help or burden in gammarid amphipods exposed to cadmium?

2012

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“…The novel vertically transmitted parasites from amphipods were distributed among diverse branches of the phylum. One of the species, N. granulosis, had previously been demonstrated to have a feminizing influence on host offspring (Terry et al 1999a). This parasite falls in the genus Nosema within a clade containing the type species N. bombycis, which is responsible for pebrine disease in silkworms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously described a microsporidian parasite, Nosema granulosis, which appears to be solely vertically transmitted and feminizes its crustacean host (Terry et al 1999a;Ironside et al 2003a). In parallel with the bacterial endosymbionts, this parasite has efficient strategies for transovarial transmission and does not cause patent pathology (Terry et al 1997(Terry et al , 1998(Terry et al , 1999b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This raises the questions of how common VT is across the phylum Microspora and how frequently it has led to host reproductive manipulations. Although few specific studies have been completed, vertically transmitted microsporidia have been shown to cause sex-ratio distortion via late male killing in dipteran hosts (Andreadis & Hall 1979) and to cause feminization in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni (Terry et al 1999a). Here, we complete an unbiased survey of amphipod hosts to assess the diversity and distribution of vertically transmitted microsporidia and to test for host sex-ratio distortion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Widespread vertical transmission and associated host sex–ratio distortion within the eukaryotic phylum Microspora

Terry

Smith

Sharpe³

et al. 2004

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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168

222

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Vertical transmission (VT) and associated manipulation of host reproduction are widely reported among prokaryotic endosymbionts. Here, we present evidence for widespread use of VT and associated sex-ratio distortion in a eukaryotic phylum. The Microspora are an unusual and diverse group of eukaryotic parasites that infect all animal phyla. Following our initial description of a microsporidian that feminizes its crustacean host, we survey the diversity and distribution of VT within the Microspora. We find that vertically transmitted microsporidia are ubiquitous in the amphipod hosts sampled and that they are also diverse, with 11 species of microsporidia detected within 16 host species. We found that infections were more common in females than males, suggesting that host sex-ratio distortion occurs in five out of eight parasite species tested. Phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates that VT occurs in all major lineages of the phylum Microspora and that sex-ratio distorters are found on multiple branches of the phylogenetic tree. We propose that VT is either an ancestral trait or evolves with peculiar frequency in this phylum. If the association observed here between VT and host sex-ratio distortion holds true across other host taxa, these eukaryotic parasites may join the bacterial endosymbionts in their importance as sex-ratio distorters.

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“…It has been speculated that Vittaforma corneae is not a true human parasite, and that its isolation from humans represents an opportunistic infection. New research indicates that a number of Nosema/Vairimorpha species are parasites of aquatic hosts (Terry et al 1999, Moodie et al 2003, which may require adjustment of the taxonomy presented here. Based on Figs.…”

Section: Terrestrial Microsporidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogeny of the Microsporidia: ecological, ultrastructural and taxonomic considerations

Vossbrinck¹,

Debrunner‐Vossbrinck²

2005

FOLIA PARASIT

268

280

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Abstract. The Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular parasites, now thought to be derived fungi. Presented here is a comparative small subunit rDNA (ssrDNA) analysis of 125 species of Microsporidia (sequences obtained from GenBank). This analysis shows that groups or clades are formed based largely on habitat and host. This result is supported by comparative molecular analyses of the past decade, and indicates that structural and ultrastructural characters are unreliable for distinguishing among higher-level microsporidian taxa. Our findings indicate the presence of five major clades of Microsporidia which group according to habitat. We present three new classes of Microsporidia based on natural phylogenetic groupings as illustrated by the ssrDNA analysis: Aquasporidia, Marinosporidia and Terresporidia. The names of the proposed classes reflect the habitat of each group. The class Aquasporidia, found primarily in freshwater habitats, is a paraphyletic group consisting of three clades. The Marinosporidia are found in hosts of marine origin and the Terresporidia are primarily from terrestrial environments.A unique feature of the Microsporidia is the long, coiled polar filament present in the spore, which is used to inject the sporoplasm into the host cell upon spore germination. The polar filament is thought to evert, penetrating the host cell and pulling the sporoplasm into the host cell. This ability of the Microsporidia has apparently allowed these parasites to diverge into numerous animal hosts from many of the animal phyla. This apomorphic feature, and the unique diplokaryon arrangement of the nuclei (in many species) clearly define the Microsporidia structurally.Microsporidia, like all organisms, are classified using common characters which appear as different character states. In the Microsporidia an example of a character used for classification is the nuclear condition, with uninucleate and diplokaryotic character states. Other examples of characters used in the classification of the Microsporidia include the number of coils in the polar filament around the periphery of the spore and the thickness of the polar filament (with isofilar and anisofilar character states). Development of taxonomies is an iterative process in which it is decided which characters change state rapidly and can be used to distinguish genera, species and populations and which characters change state slowly and can be used to distinguish higher levels such as class, order and family. Unfortunately, the characters which are used to determine the higher levels of classification in the Microsporidia (number of nuclei/cell, presence of a membrane surrounding the parasite (sporophorous vesicle), and type of nuclear division) appear to be characters which change states quickly at the genus, species and population levels. Comparative analyses of small subunit ribosomal (ssrDNA) sequence data show that the use of ultrastructural features for taxonomic divisions of the Microsporidia is untenable, and indicate that the Microsporidi...

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Ultrastructural Characterisation and Molecular Taxonomic Identification of Nosema granulosis n. sp., a Transovarially Transmitted Feminising (TTF) Microsporidium

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Acanthocephalan parasites: help or burden in gammarid amphipods exposed to cadmium?

Acanthocephalan parasites: help or burden in gammarid amphipods exposed to cadmium?

Widespread vertical transmission and associated host sex–ratio distortion within the eukaryotic phylum Microspora

Molecular phylogeny of the Microsporidia: ecological, ultrastructural and taxonomic considerations

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