Ultrastructural Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Neuropeptide Y in the Rat Locus Coeruleus: Anatomical Evidence for Putative Interactions

Theisen, Catherine C.; Reyes, Beverly A.S.; Sabban, Esther L.; Bockstaele, Elisabeth J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.043

“…The action of NPY is mediated by a family of G-protein coupled receptors including Y1R, Y2R, Y4R and Y5R. Y1R, a postsynaptic receptor, has been shown to be important in mediating the anxiolytic effects of NPY (Theisen et al, 2018). The Y2 receptor, located both pre- and post-synaptically, appears to be important in modulating activity of LC neurons (Kask et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

Nahvi

¹

,

Nwokafor

²

,

Serova

³

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Sex plays an important role in susceptibility to stress triggered disorders. Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), a debilitating psychiatric disorder developed after exposure to a traumatic event, is two times more prevalent in women than men. However, the vast majority of animal models of PTSD, including single prolonged stress (SPS), were performed mostly with males. Here, we evaluated SPS as an appropriate PTSD model for females in terms of anxiety, depressive symptoms and changes in gene expression in the noradrenergic system in the brain. In addition, we examined intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a possible treatment in females. Female rats were subjected to SPS and given either intranasal NPY or vehicle in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, stressed females were compared to unstressed controls on forced swim test (FST) and for levels of expression of several genes in the locus coeruleus (LC) 12 days after SPS exposure. Using a separate cohort of animals, experiment two examined stressed females and unstressed controls on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and LC gene expression 7 days after SPS stressors. SPS led to increased anxiety-like behavior on EPM and depressive-like behavior on FST. Following FST, the rats displayed elevated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), CRHR1 and Y1R mRNA levels in the LC, consistent with increased activation of the noradrenergic system. The expression level of these mRNAs was unchanged following EPM, except Y1R. Intranasal NPY at the doses shown to be effective in males, did not prevent development of depressive or anxiety-like behavior or molecular changes in the LC. The results indicate that while SPS could be an appropriate PTSD model for females, sex differences, such as response to NPY, are important to consider.

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“…Medium-sized LC neurons (18 3 30 mm) were selected at low magnification and subsequently examined at 20,0003 magnification. Only LC cells containing a nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were taken into account (Groves and Wilson, 1980;Theisen et al, 2018). Large granular vesicles were recognized by their round, dense core and had a diameter ranging from 50 to 230 nm (de Wit et al, 2009;Hokfelt and Jonsson, 1968;Shimizu et al, 1979).…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine increases quantal norepinephrine secretion through NET-dependent PKC activation in locus coeruleus neurons

Zhu

¹

,

Liu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

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“…The action of NPY is mediated by a family of G-protein coupled receptors including Y1R, Y2R, Y4R and Y5R. Y1R, a postsynaptic receptor, has been shown to be important in mediating the anxiolytic effects of NPY (Theisen et al, 2018). The Y2 receptor, located both pre-and post-synaptically, appears to be important in modulating activity of LC neurons (Kask et al, 1998).…”

Section: Early Intervention With Neuropeptide Y In Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

Nwokafor

¹

,

Navhi

²

,

Serova

³

et al. 2019

The FASEB Journal

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex plays an important role in susceptibility to stress triggered disorders. Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), a debilitating psychiatric disorder developed after exposure to a traumatic event, is two times more prevalent in women than men. However, the vast majority of animal models of PTSD, including single prolonged stress (SPS), were performed mostly with males. Here, we evaluated SPS as an appropriate PTSD model for females in terms of anxiety, depressive symptoms and changes in gene expression in the noradrenergic system in the brain. In addition, we examined intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a possible treatment in females. Female rats were subjected to SPS and given either intranasal NPY or vehicle in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, stressed females were compared to unstressed controls on forced swim test (FST) and for levels of expression of several genes in the locus coeruleus (LC) 12 days after SPS exposure. Using a separate cohort of animals, experiment two examined stressed females and unstressed controls on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and LC gene expression 7 days after SPS stressors. SPS led to increased anxiety-like behavior on EPM and depressive-like behavior on FST. Following FST, the rats displayed elevated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), CRHR1 and Y1R mRNA levels in the LC, consistent with increased activation of the noradrenergic system. The expression level of these mRNAs was unchanged following EPM, except Y1R. Intranasal NPY at the doses shown to be effective in males, did not prevent development of depressive or anxiety-like behavior or molecular changes in the LC. The results indicate that while SPS could be an appropriate PTSD model for females, sex differences, such as response to NPY, are important to consider.

show abstract

Ultrastructural Characterization of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Neuropeptide Y in the Rat Locus Coeruleus: Anatomical Evidence for Putative Interactions

Cited by 10 publications

References 143 publications

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

Cocaine increases quantal norepinephrine secretion through NET-dependent PKC activation in locus coeruleus neurons

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

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