Ultrastructural examination of dentin using focused ion-beam cross-sectioning and transmission electron microscopy

Nalla, Ravi K.; Porter, Alexandra E.; Daraio, Chiara; Minor, AM; Radmilović, Velimir; Stach, Eric A.; Tomsia, Antoni P.; Ritchie, Robert O.

doi:10.1016/j.micron.2005.05.011

Cited by 103 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Recently, researchers began to use ion milling techniques to prepare sections of bone and teeth for TEM studies [11,42,46,47]. In these techniques, bone is gently eroded by bombardment with ions.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Organization Of Bone At Nanoscale Tem Imagmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

2017

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Bone is a biologically generated composite material comprised of two major structural components: crystals of apatite and collagen fibrils. Computational analysis of the mechanical properties of bone must make assumptions about the geometric and topological relationships between these components. Recent transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of samples of bone prepared using ion milling methods have revealed important previously unrecognized features in the ultrastructure of bone. These studies show that most of the mineral in bone lies outside the fibrils and is organized into elongated plates 5 nanometers (nm) thick, ∼80 nm wide and hundreds of nm long. These so-called mineral lamellae (MLs) are mosaics of single 5 nm-thick, 20-50 nm wide crystals bonded at their edges. MLs occur either stacked around the 50 nm-diameter collagen fibrils, or in parallel stacks of 5 or more MLs situated between fibrils. About 20% of mineral is in gap zones within the fibrils. MLs are apparently glued together into mechanically coherent stacks which break across the stack rather than delaminating. ML stacks should behave as cohesive units during bone deformation. Finite element computations of mechanical properties of bone show that the model including such features generates greater stiffness and strength than are obtained using conventional models in which most of the mineral, in the form of isolated crystals, is situated inside collagen fibrils.

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Section: Three-dimensional Organization Of Bone At Nanoscale Tem Imagmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

2017

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“…Using FIB-SEM tomography to investigate insulators like biological, geological and ceramic samples is challenging because of charging effects that disturb the sectioning as well as the imaging (De Winter et al, 2009). Nevertheless, the FIB-SEM microscope is often used to analyse biological materials which are difficult to cut, such as teeth (Nalla et al, 2005) and bones (Giannuzzi et al, 2007). Another application for FIB-SEM microscopes in biology is the preparation of thin lamellae which can be analysed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (De Winter et al, 2009;Schmahl et al, 2008;Kelm et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> coccospheres by focused ion beam sectioning

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Coccospheres of a cultured Emiliania huxleyi clone were sampled in the exponential growth phase and sectioned using a focused ion beam microscope. An average of 69 sections and the corresponding secondary electron micrographs per coccosphere provided detailed information on coccosphere architecture. The coccospheres feature 2-3 layers on average and 20 coccoliths per cell, of which only 15 can be seen in conventional scanning electron micrographs. The outer coccosphere diameter was positively correlated with the number of coccolith layers. By contrast, the inner coccosphere diameter (around 4.36 µm), and hence the cell diameter, was quasi-constant. Coccoliths were not evenly distributed across the coccosphere, resulting more often than not in one part of the coccosphere displaying more coccolith layers than the other. The architectural data allowed for the calculation of the PIC / POC ratio, the density and the sinking velocity of individual cells. The correlation of these parameters has implications for the ongoing debate on the function of coccoliths.

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“…This finding is most likely due to the collagen framework of dentin. The collagen structure in dentin is not well organized and is linked together in all directions [16][17][18] . This finding may explain why the elastic modulus is the same when measured in different directions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arrangement of collagen fibers to form tubular structure was observed. Collagen fibers are cross-linked together and stretch out of peritubular dentine 17) . Thus, a previous study demonstrated no significant difference in the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin measured in all directions 15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the modulus of elasticity of resin-infiltrated demineralized dentin

2014

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The effect of tubule orientation of dentin on the elastic modulus of resin-infiltrated dentin was evaluated. Rectangular cylindricalshaped dentin specimens with their long axis parallel to and perpendicular to dentinal tubules were prepared from extracted premolars. Twenty-five mineralized specimens of each orientation were evaluated. The remaining specimens were then demineralized. The demineralized specimens and the demineralized following by infiltration with one of these adhesives; Optibond Solo Plus, Single Bond 2 or Prime & Bond NT, from each orientation were evaluated (25 specimens per group). The tubular orientation only affected the elastic modulus of mineralized dentin. The highest elastic modulus was observed for the mineralized dentin when the tensile force was applied parallel to the direction of tubules. The elastic modulus of demineralized dentin was the lowest. The adhesive resins increased the elastic modulus of demineralized dentin, but the differences among the three were insignificant.

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Ultrastructural examination of dentin using focused ion-beam cross-sectioning and transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 103 publications

References 51 publications

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

Insight into <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> coccospheres by focused ion beam sectioning

Effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the modulus of elasticity of resin-infiltrated demineralized dentin

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Ultrastructural examination of dentin using focused ion-beam cross-sectioning and transmission electron microscopy

Cited by 103 publications

References 51 publications

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

The Ultrastructure of Bone and Its Relevance to Mechanical Properties

Insight into &lt;i&gt;Emiliania huxleyi&lt;/i&gt; coccospheres by focused ion beam sectioning

Effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the modulus of elasticity of resin-infiltrated demineralized dentin

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Insight into <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> coccospheres by focused ion beam sectioning