Ultrastructural localization of 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase in adult Clonorchis sinensis

Hong, Sung-Jong; Yu, Jae-Ran; Kang, Seongman

doi:10.3347/kjp.2002.40.4.173

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The two GSTs revealed enzymatic activity against substrates and sensitivity to inhibitors. The enzymes were localized in tegumental and mesenchymal tissues (Hong et al, 2001(Hong et al, , 2002b(Hong et al, , 2002c, and were, therefore, likely to function as a second defence line in C. sinensis. Recombinant 28 and 26 kDa GST proteins were antigenic to IgG and IgE antibodies from clonorchiasis patients' sera (Kang et al, 2001;Hong et al, 2002a).…”

Section: Immunology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonorchiasis: an update

2005

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Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese or oriental liver fluke, is an important human parasite and is widely distributed in southern Korea, China (including Taiwan), Japan, northern Vietnam and the far eastern part of Russia. Clonorchiasis occurs in all parts of the world where there are Asian immigrants from endemic areas. The human and animal reservoir hosts (dogs, pigs, cats and rats) acquire the infection from the ingestion of raw fish containing infectious metacercariae. The first intermediate snail hosts are mainly species of Parafossarulus and Bithynia. Numerous species of freshwater fish serve as the second intermediate hosts of C. sinensis. Extensive studies of clonorchiasis during several decades in Japan, Korea, China and other countries have shown much progress in proving its morphological features including ultrastructure, biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and chemotherapy. The present review deals with mainly current results obtained on the epidemiological, pathological and clinical aspects, as well as control measures in endemic areas. As for the complications of clonorchiasis, formation of calculi in the intrahepatic biliary passages is one of the most characteristic pathological features. It is sometimes accompanied by suppurative cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholangiohepatitis and ultimately can cause cholangiocarcinoma. Experimental results on the relationship to the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma are presented. Clinical diagnosis by radiological findings including cholangiography, sonography and computerized tomography as well as magnetic resonance imaging for biliary or pancreatic ducts are outlined. Current studies on immunology and molecular biology of C. sinensis were introduced. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for clonorchiasis. The most effective regimen is 25 mg kg(-1) three times daily (total dose, 75 mg kg(-1)) administered orally at 5- to 6-h intervals over a single day. Prevention and control measures are also discussed.

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Section: Immunology and Molecular Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonorchiasis: an update

2005

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“…C. sinensis 28 and 26 kDa GSTs are localized in the tegument and mesenchymal tissues and in intra-uterine eggs [31,35,36]. Based on their enzymatic activities and localizations in C. sinensis adults, they are believed to play a role in the secondary defense system against exogenous and endogenous bioreactive compounds.…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The C. sinensis 28 and 26 kDa GSTs are localized to the reproductive system, such as, to ovary and sperm and intra-uterine eggs. These antioxidant enzymes could play a defense role against bioreactive species during the reproduction of C. sinensis [31][32][33][34][35][36]38].…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Genes and Proteins of Clonorchis sinensis

Kim

Hong

2009

Korean J Parasitol

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During the past several decades, researches on parasite genetics have progressed from biochemical and serodiagnostic studies to protein chemistry, molecular biology, and functional gene studies. Nowadays, bioinformatics, genomics, and proteomics approaches are being applied by Korean parasitology researchers. As for Clonorchis sinensis, investigations have been carried out to identify its functional genes using forward and reverse genetic approaches and to characterize the biochemical and biological properties of its gene products. The authors review the proteins of cloned genes, which include antigenic proteins, physiologic and metabolic enzymes, and the gene expression profile of Clonorchis sinensis. CHROMOSOMES AND GEOGRAPHICAL ISOLATESC. sinensis has 2n = 56 chromosomes, where n consists of 8 large and 20 small chromosomes. C. sinensis geographical isolates collected in Korea and northeastern China (Liaoning Province) have all demonstrated the same chromosome number, but different karyotypes. Specifically, Korean isolates have 3 metacentric and 1 meta-/submetacentric pairs, whereas Chinese isolates have 2 and 2 pairs, respectively. The 2 isolates have same number, 16 and 8, of submetacentric and subtelomeric pairs [13].Genetic relationships between geographical isolates have been studied by employing sequence analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2; ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [CO-1]). C. sinensis Korean isolates collected in Kimhae city were compared with Chinese isolates collected in Shenyang, Liaoning and Nanning, and Guangxi provinces. The geographical isolates were nearly identical in terms of nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences, and revealed no more than a 1% sequence difference between Korean and Chinese isolates [14][15][16][17]. Isozyme electrophoresis had been used to study trematode systematics, and isozymes of the Korean and Chinese isolates show homozygous monomorphic banding patterns. Furthermore, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase produced a unique band pattern and was found to differentiate geographical isolates of C. sinensis [14]. However, in C. sinensis, intraspecific genetic variations among geographical isolates in the SinoKorea region appear minimal.As compared with O. viverrini, C. sinensis ITS2 revealed 95% identity and differences at 28 nucleotide points. Furthermore, the mitochondrial CO1 gene of O. viverrrini was found to be 96% identical with that of C. sinensis. Even a different genus in the same family Opisthorchidae, namely, O viverrrini appears to be genetically close to C. sinensis [17].

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“…A series of antioxidant enzymes, which appeared to participate in the removal of these detrimental oxidants, have been characterized in C. sinensis including GSH S-transferase (GST; Hong et al . 2001, 2002), GSH peroxidase (GPx; Cai et al . 2008) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; Li et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. sinensis faces the need to protect itself against ROS derived from both the host cells and the normal cellular metabolism of the parasite. A series of antioxidant enzymes, which appeared to participate in the removal of these detrimental oxidants, have been characterized in C. sinensis including GSH S-transferase (GST; Hong et al 2001Hong et al , 2002, GSH peroxidase (GPx; Cai et al 2008) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; Li et al 2005). In relation to the enzymes directly involved in the H 2 O 2 -detoxification pathway, GPx expression is largely restricted within a female-specific sexual organ/ cell in C. sinensis (Cai et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and biochemical characterization of two novel peroxiredoxins in a liver fluke,Clonorchis sinensis

et al. 2011

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We identified 2 novel genes encoding different 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRxs), designated CsPRx2 and CsPRx3, in Clonorchis sinensis, which invades the human hepatobiliary tracts. The CsPRx2 gene expression was temporally increased along with the parasite's development and its protein product was detected in almost all parts of adult worms including subtegument, as well as excretory-secretory products. Conversely, CsPRx3 expression was temporally maintained at a basal level and largely restricted within interior parts of various tissues/organs. The recombinant forms of CsPRx proteins exhibited reducing activity against various hydroperoxides in the presence of either thioredoxin or glutathione (GSH) as a reducing equivalent, although they preferred H2O2 and GSH as a catalytic substrate and electron donor, respectively. A steady-state kinetic study demonstrated that the CsPRx proteins followed a saturable, Michaelis-Menten-type equation with the catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) ranging from 103 to 104 M-1 s-1, somewhat lower than those for other PRxs studied (104-105 M-1 s-1). The expression patterns and histological distributions specific to CsPRx2 and CsPRx3 might suggest different physiological functions of the antioxidant enzymes in protecting the worms against oxidative damage.

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Ultrastructural localization of 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase in adult Clonorchis sinensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Clonorchiasis: an update

Clonorchiasis: an update

Functional Genes and Proteins of Clonorchis sinensis

Identification and biochemical characterization of two novel peroxiredoxins in a liver fluke,Clonorchis sinensis

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