Ultrastructural, protein and photosynthetic alterations induced by Pb and Cd in Cynara cardunculus L., and its potential for phytoremediation

Makowski

et al. 2020

IJMS

Ceylon leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica) is ornamental plant known for its pharmacological properties arising from the abundant production of various secondary metabolites. It often grows in lead polluted areas. The aim of presented study was to evaluate the survival strategy of P. zeylanica to lead toxicity via photosynthetic apparatus acclimatization. Shoots of P. zeylanica were cultivated on media with different Pb concentrations (0.0, 0.05, and 0.1 g Pb∙l−1). After a four-week culture, the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants was evaluated by Chl a fluorescence measurement, photosynthetic pigment, and Lhcb1, PsbA, PsbO, and RuBisCo protein accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chloroplast ultrastructure observation. Plants from lower Pb concentration revealed no changes in photosynthetic pigments content and light-harvesting complex (LHCII) size, as well as no limitation on the donor side of Photosystem II Reaction Centre (PSII RC). However, the activity and content of antioxidant enzymes indicated a high risk of limitation on the acceptor side of Photosystem I. In turn, plants from 0.1 g Pb∙l−1 showed a significant decrease in pigments content, LHCII size, the amount of active PSII RC, oxygen-evolving complex activity, and significant remodeling of chloroplast ultrastructure indicated limitation of PSII RC donor side. Obtained results indicate that P. zeylanica plants acclimate to lead toxicity by Pb accumulation in roots and, depending on Pb concentration, by adjusting their photosynthetic apparatus via the activation of alternative (cyclic and pseudocyclic) electron transport pathways.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Ceylon Leadwort (Plumbago zeylanica L.) Acclimate to Lead Toxicity?—Studies of Photosynthetic Apparatus Efficiency

Makowski

et al. 2020

IJMS

“…Western blot analysis on leaf samples was performed using a blocking solution (100 m m Tris‐HCl, pH 8.0, 150 m m NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, 5% BSA) and primary antibodies (Agrisera, Vännäs, Sweden) to reveal different proteins: Rubisco (anti‐RbcL, rabbit polyclonal serum), D1 (anti‐PsbA, hen polyclonal) and Actin (anti‐ACT, rabbit polyclonal serum) as loading control (Arena et al . ). Immuno‐revelation was performed using the kit for chemiluminescence (Westar Supernova, Cyanagen) with the ChemiDoc System (Bio‐Rad Laboratories).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Suitability of Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Microtom’ for growth in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems: exploring the effect of high‐LET ionising radiation on photosynthesis, leaf structure and fruit traits

et al. 2019

Self Cite

The realisation of manned space exploration requires the development of Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS). In such self-sufficient closed habitats, higher plants have a fundamental role in air regeneration, water recovery, food production and waste recycling. In the space environment, ionising radiation represents one of the main constraints to plant growth.• In this study, we explore whether low doses of heavy ions, namely Ca 25 Gy, delivered at the seed stage, may induce positive outcomes on growth and functional traits in plants of Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Microtom'. After irradiation of seed, plant growth was monitored during the whole plant life cycle, from germination to fruit ripening. Morphological parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf anatomical functional traits and antioxidant production in leaves and fruits were analysed.• Our data demonstrate that irradiation of seeds with 25 Gy Ca ions does not prevent achievement of the seed-to-seed cycle in 'Microtom', and induces a more compact plant size compared to the control. Plants germinated from irradiated seeds show better photochemical efficiency than controls, likely due to the higher amount of D1 protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Leaves of these plants also had smaller cells with a lower number of chloroplasts. The dose of 25 Gy Ca ions is also responsible for positive outcomes in fruits: although developing a lower number of berries, plants germinated from irradiated seeds produce larger berries, richer in carotenoids, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins than controls.• These specific traits may be useful for 'Microtom' cultivation in BLSS in space, in so far as the crew members could benefit from fresh food richer in functional compounds that can be directly produced on board.Plant Biology 21 (2019) 615-626

“…Chlase and MDCase are involved mainly in the degradation of chlorophyll, and these products can indirectly reflect changes in chlorophyll [7]. Chlase and MDCase play key roles in the first and second steps of the chlorophyll decomposition process, respectively, showing high activity at a Pb concentration of 400 mg�kg -1 , Cd concentrations of 10 mg�kg -1 and 20 mg�kg -1 and combined stress concentrations of 200 + 1 mg�kg -1 .…”

Section: Response Of Chlorophyll Synthesis and Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the combined stress was at the highest concentration, the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate did not decrease to their minimum. This may have occurred because the combination of Pb and Cd stress may have reduced the toxicity of the metals [7].…”

Section: Response Of Gas-exchange Parameters To Pb and CDmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Response of photosynthesis to different concentrations of heavy metals in Davidia involucrata

et al. 2020

Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are highly toxic and are widespread in agricultural soils, representing risks to plant and human health. In this study, Davidia involucrata was cultivated in soil with different concentrations of Pb and Cd and sampled after 90 days. We used ANOVA to analyse the photosynthesis of D. involucrata and the ability of Pb and Cd to enrich and migrate in roots, stems and leaves. Various results are described here. 1) Under individual and combined Pb and Cd stress, the accumulation factors in the roots were greater than 1, which was significantly greater than those in the stems and leaves (P < 0.05), and the translocation factors both were less than 1. The Pb and Cd enrichment ability of D. involucrata roots was significantly higher than that of stems and leaves, and the migration ability of the two heavy metals in D. involucrata was weak. 2) The Mg-dechelatase activities of chlorophyll degradation products increased under stress due to high concentrations of Pb and Cd. However, chlorophyllase activity was higher at relatively low concentrations of the two heavy metals (P < 0.05). δ-Aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen of chlorophyll synthesis products are easily converted to uroporphyrinogen III under low concentrations of Cd, which promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll.3) The effect of Cd stress alone on the chlorophyll concentration was not significant. Under combined stress, concentrations of Pb and Cd in the range of 400~800 mg�kg -1 and 5~20 mg�kg -1 significantly promoted an increase in photosynthetic pigments (P < 0.05). 4) Inhibition of the net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing Pb and Cd concentrations under both individual and combined stress. In addition, the root of D. involucrata had a strong absorption and fixation effect on heavy metals, thereby reducing metal toxicity and improving the tolerance of D. involucrata to heavy metals. , et al. (2020) Response of photosynthesis to different concentrations of heavy metals in Davidia involucrata. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0228563.