Ultrastructural Study of the Human Spiral Ganglion

Ota, Carol Y.; Kimura, Robert S.

doi:10.3109/00016488009127108

Cited by 97 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The fi ne structure of the human spiral ganglion differs from that of other mammalian species studied so far [Kimura et al, 1979;Ota and Kimura, 1980;Arnold, 1987;Tylstedt et al, 1997;Rask-Andersen et al, 2000b]. Unlike in most animals the perikarya of the human spiral ganglion are unmyelinated.…”

Section: Ultrastructure Of Human Sgcsmentioning

confidence: 60%

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The Human Spiral Ganglion: New Insights into Ultrastructure, Survival Rate and Implications for Cochlear Implants

Glueckert¹,

Pfaller

Kinnefors

et al. 2005

Audiol Neurotol

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This study was based on high-resolution SEM assessment of freshly fixed, normal-hearing, human inner ear tissue. In addition, semiquantitative observations were made in long-term deafened temporal bone material, focusing on the spiral ganglia and nerve projections, and a detailed study of the fine bone structure in macerated tissues was performed. Our main findings detail the presence of extensive bony fenestrae surrounding the nerve elements, permitting a relatively free flow of perilymph to modiolar structures. The clustering of the spiral ganglion cells in Rosenthal’s canal and the detailed and intricate course of postganglionic axons are described. The close proximity of fibers to cell soma is demonstrated by impression in cell surfaces, and presence of small microvilli-like structures at the contact regions, anchoring nerve fibers to the cell wall. Extensive fenestrae and the presence of a fragile network of endosteal bony structures at the surfaces guiding nerve fibers are described in detail for the first time. This unique freshly prepared human material offers the opportunity for a detailed ultrastructural study not previously possible on postmortem fixed material and more accurate information to model electrostimulation of the human auditory nerve through a cochlear implant. On the basis of this study, we suggest that the concentration and high density of spiral ganglion cells, and the close physical interaction between neural elements, may explain the slow retrograde degeneration found in humans after loss of peripheral receptors. Moreover, the fragile bony columns connecting the spiral canal with the osseous spiral lamina may be a potential site for trauma in (perimodiolar) electrode positioning.

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Section: Ultrastructure Of Human Sgcsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Myelination was observed more frequently in elderly people than in neonates [Arnold, 1987]. Ota and Kimura [1980] found that both some large and small neurons had several myelin layers. However, a majority of the population was unmyelinated (94%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Spiral Ganglion: New Insights into Ultrastructure, Survival Rate and Implications for Cochlear Implants

Glueckert¹,

Pfaller

Kinnefors

et al. 2005

Audiol Neurotol

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“…In humans, as in other mammals, there are two types of ganglion cells [12,37,125,135]. On the basis of cochlear nucleus cytoarchitecture [4,116] and neuronal morphology [1], there is a strong suggestion that humans follow the general mammalian plan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary innervation of the avian and mammalian cochlear nucleus

Ryugo¹,

Parks²

2003

Brain Research Bulletin

115

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The auditory nerve of birds and mammals exhibits differences and similarities, but given the millions of years since the two classes diverged from a common ancestor, the similarities are much more impressive than the differences. The avian nerve is simpler than that of mammals, but share many fundamental features including principles of development, structure, and physiological properties. Moreover, the available evidence shows that the human auditory nerve follows this same general organizational plan. Equally impressive are reports that homologous genes in worms, flies, and mice exert the same heredity influences in man. The clear implication is that animal studies will produce knowledge that has a direct bearing on the human condition.

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“…Spiral ganglion (SG) neurons in the mammalian co chlea have been classified on the basis of the morphologi cal characteristics of their cell bodies [1][2][3] and/or the pat tern of hair cell innervation [4,5], SG cells are afferent neurons of the organ of Corti. Type 1 neurons with rela tively large cell bodies innervate inner hair cells (IHCs) by way of myelinated radial fibres and comprise approxi (actin; 4-6 mm in diameter), intermediate filaments (types I-VI; 8-11 nm in diameter), and microtubules (MTs, 22-25 nm thick).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Human Spiral Ganglion

Anniko

Arnold²,

Stigbrand³

et al. 1995

ORL

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The adult normal human spiral ganglion (SG) was analyzed with regard to ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry. The cytoskeleton of the SG cells was found to comprise F-actin, intermediate filaments (IFs) and microtubules (MTs). The IF subgroups (cytokeratins, Cks; neurofilaments, NFs, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic proteins, GFAP; desmin) displayed characteristic staining patterns. Ck No. 8 was found in all SG cells, whereas vimentin was lacking. GFAP stained only a small subpopulation of SG cells (type 2?). The light (68 kD) and medium-sized chains of NFs occurred in all SG cells and axons, whereas the 200-kD NF subunit was only found in the axonal hillock of (type 2?) SG cells, but in no other part of the cytoplasm, and regionally in nerve fibres. MAP-1 and MAP-2 occurred in all SG cells but only MAP-1 was found in the nerve fibres. The calcium-binding protein synaptophysin (SY) was expressed only in SG cells, in contrast to the S-100 which occurred more generally in the labyrinth. The neuropeptides VIP and substance P were identified in all SG cells, in contrast to NPY which was expressed in a small sub-population of SG cell (type 2?). Staining for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) identified most (type 1?) but not all SG cells. The cell surface glycoprotein Thy-1 was expressed in SG cells in a way similar to that described for neurons in the CNS. The SG cells express a high degree of cytoskeletal complexity, allowing one to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 cells. The cell bodies and their adjacent nerve fibres show characteristic features of calcium-binding proteins, surface membrane glycoproteins, NSE and neuropeptides but the basic pattern is still similar to neurons in the CNS.

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Ultrastructural Study of the Human Spiral Ganglion

Cited by 97 publications

References 21 publications

The Human Spiral Ganglion: New Insights into Ultrastructure, Survival Rate and Implications for Cochlear Implants

The Human Spiral Ganglion: New Insights into Ultrastructure, Survival Rate and Implications for Cochlear Implants

Primary innervation of the avian and mammalian cochlear nucleus

The Human Spiral Ganglion

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