Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and T<sub>G</sub>lymphocytes

Ferrarini, Manlio; Cadoni, Angela; Franzi, Adriano T.; Ghigliotti, Carla; Leprini, A; Zicca, A; Grossi, Carlo E.

doi:10.1002/eji.1830100714

Cited by 90 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Typical small lymphocytes could be distinguished from other lymphocytic cells by their smaller size, relatively scantier cytoplasm, thicker peripheral rim of chromatin in the nucleus and the occasional presence of a deep indentation in the nuclear outline, which is corroborated, with the findings of Ferrarini et al (1980), in mammals and King & McLelland (1981) in birds. The reticular cells usually appeared larger than lymphocytes and had a more abundant and organized cytoplasm.…”

Section: Tonsillar Folliclessupporting

confidence: 61%

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Raju

Ramesh²,

Basha³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The tissue pieces of palatine tonsil were collected from different postnatal age groups of sheep from the Corporation Slaughter House, Perambur, Chennai. The palatine tonsil consisted of a surface epithelium, capsule, tonsillar lobes, crypts, crypt epithelium and tonsillar follicles. The surface epithelium over the palatine tonsil was made up of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in all the postnatal age groups studied. The palatine tonsil was clearly demarcated from the surrounding structures by a distinct connective tissue capsule and one septa dividing the tonsil into two lobes. The surface epithelium was invaginated into the substance of the tonsil to form primary and secondary crypts in each lobe. The crypt epithelium covered the regions of lymphoid follicles became lymphoepithelium. The macrophages were also observed in the epithelium. In the areas of lymphoepithelium the basement membrane was interrupted since lymphocytic infiltration was heavy into the epithelium. Numerous secondary tonsillar follicles with germinal centers separated by interfollicular areas were observed in the palatine tonsil. The tonsillar follicles consisted of a mantle zone, which was heavily populated with small darkly stained lymphocytes. These mantle zones were always oriented towards the crypts. The tonsillar follicles of young sheep showed many medium and small sized lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and also reticulocytes. The reticular cells usually appeared larger than lymphocytes and had a more abundant and organized cytoplasm with vacuoles.

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Section: Tonsillar Folliclessupporting

confidence: 61%

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Raju

Ramesh²,

Basha³

et al. 2012

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…When CD3-crosslinked lymphocytes were treated with LTX, the ultrastructural features of untreated normal lymphocytes reappeared. Ferrarini et al 26 have described a subset of T lymphocytes in peripheral human blood, which display ultrastructural features identical to those of activated lymphocytes as seen in our study (Figure 1a). Details of the method of cell purification and functional properties of isolated cells, primarily the expression of high-affinity receptors to IgG (CD64 by the current classification), strongly suggest that the authors observed activated lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Ultrastructural features of lymphocyte suppression induced by anthrax lethal toxin and treated with chloroquine

Hirsh

Manov

Cohen-Kaplan³

et al. 2007

Laboratory Investigation

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Antibacterial therapy does not fully protect against anthrax because of severe systemic intoxication. Lysosomal processing of anthrax lethal toxin (LTX) is a key event in the disease pathogenesis, and agents interfering with this process, like chloroquine (CQ), may have practical applications. Although LTX is known to induce T-cell suppression, precise mechanisms of this phenomenon are not completely characterized. In the present study, we investigated alterations of lymphocyte ultrastructure caused by LTX and associated with favorable effect of CQ on the LTX-related dysfunction. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated via CD3 crosslinking in the presence or absence of LTX and CQ, and examined by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Crosslinking of CD3 induced ultrastructural signs of lymphocyte activation, mostly disappeared after LTX treatment. The cell ultrastructure was well preserved in LTX-treated cells, despite dose-and time-dependent inhibition of T-cell function associated with impaired activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Regardless of intracellular signaling abnormalities, LTX did not decrease T-cell viability. CQ restored expression of CD69 (Po0.001) and improved phosphorylation of p38 (P ¼ 0.022) in LTXexposed T lymphocytes. The exposure of cells to CQ, with or without LTX, led to appearance of many phagolysosomes with heterogeneous content, possibly representing unprocessed internalized material. In conclusion, LTX suppressed Tcell functions, but did not affect the viability and caused no ultrastructural damage. Ultrastructural observations indicated that CQ reduced harmful effects of LTX, possibly by interfering with lysosomal activity.

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“…The cloned cells also resembled published descriptions of LGL isolated by a combination of gradient and rosetting techniques (31-36), with the exception that parallel tubular arrays were not seen. Although some authors have considered these structures to be characteristic of LGL (33, 34, 36), they have not been observed in all studies (31,32,35). When the human cloned NK cell JTB18 was cultured for 24 h in medium containing [35S]sulfate, radioactivity was incorporated into macromolecules in a linear fashion (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Identification, localization, and exocytosis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cloned natural killer cells during target cell lysis.

MacDermott¹,

Schmidt²,

Caulfield³

et al. 1985

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

143

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A clone of natural killer (NK) cells (JTB18) was found to be ultrastructurally similar to peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL). These cells incorporated [35S]sulfate into cell-associated proteoglycan molecules, which were then isolated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. As assessed by gel filtration chromatography, the native 35S-labeled proteoglycan and its beta-eliminated 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans were of Mr approximately 200,000 and 50,000, respectively. The 35S-labeled proteoglycans were resistant to proteolysis, since their Mr were apparently not altered by incubation with either pronase or S. aureus V8 protease. The purified NK cell 35S-labeled proteoglycans were degraded by approximately 90% to 35S-labeled disaccharides with either chondroitinase ABC or AC. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the digests revealed these disaccharides to be composed entirely of chondroitin sulfate A (glucuronic acid----N-acetylgalactosamine-4SO4). Whole 35S-labeled cells incubated with chondroitinase ABC failed to release 35S-labeled disaccharides into the supernatant, and x-ray energy-dispersive analysis revealed that sulfur-containing molecules were present in the intracellular granules, thereby localizing the NK cell-associated proteoglycan primarily in the granules of the cell, rather than on the plasma membrane. The 35S-labeled cloned NK cells incubated for 30 min to 4 h with K562 tumor cell targets at a 0.5:1 ratio exocytosed a mean of 49% of the granular 35S-labeled proteoglycans during the first 60 min of the culture. Proteoglycan release was maximal with an effector/target cell ratio of 0.5:1 for JTB18:K562. Significant proteoglycan release from JTB18 NK cells was also obtained with other sensitive target cells such as REX, Molt4, and CEM, but not with cells such as KG1 and Laz156, which have been shown previously to be resistant to killing by this NK cell. Thus, protease-resistant intracellular proteoglycans with chondroitin sulfate A side chains are specifically exocytosed from the granules of human NK effector cells upon contact with sensitive targets, suggesting that these proteoglycans may be involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity.

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Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and T_Glymphocytes

Cited by 90 publications

References 43 publications

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Ultrastructural features of lymphocyte suppression induced by anthrax lethal toxin and treated with chloroquine

Proteoglycans in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Identification, localization, and exocytosis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cloned natural killer cells during target cell lysis.

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Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and TGlymphocytes

Cited by 90 publications

References 43 publications

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Microarchitecture of the Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis aries)

Ultrastructural features of lymphocyte suppression induced by anthrax lethal toxin and treated with chloroquine

Proteoglycans in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Identification, localization, and exocytosis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cloned natural killer cells during target cell lysis.

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Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and T_Glymphocytes