Ultrastructure and innervation of the teleostean atrium

Sætersdal, Thorvald; Justesen, N.‐P. Berg; Krohnstad, Aase W.

doi:10.1016/0022-2828(74)90025-x

Cited by 56 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Most MDBs are filled with homogeneous material and are thought to be the storage site for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) [Benjamin et al, 1984;Greer Walker et al, 1985]. However, the similarity in morphology and in the number and distribution of MDBs is not complete across species [see Leknes, 1981a;Benjamin et al, 1984;Icardo et al, 1999a, b], and contents other than GAGs have been suggested [Saetersdal et al, 1974;Leknes, 1980Leknes, , 1981bDoi et al, 1995]. The existence in the eel of MDBs that show different types of contents suggests that MDBs store different types of molecules with different functional roles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Bulbus arteriosus of the European Eel <i>(Anguilla anguilla)</i>

Icardo

Colvée²,

Cerra³

et al. 2000

Cells Tissues Organs

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The bulbus arteriosus of teleost fish acts as an elastic reservoir that dilates during ventricular systole to store a large part of the cardiac stroke volume. Despite its functional importance, the knowledge of the structure of the bulbus wall is still fragmentary. We have undertaken a series of studies in order to establish a general morphological plan of the teleost bulbus. The bulbus arteriosus of the European eel is studied here by means of conventional light, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The inner surface of the bulbus wall is irregular due to the presence of branching ridges that flatten and disappear toward the ventral aorta. The ridge surface is covered by flattened endocardial cells that show moderately dense bodies. In the ridge tissue, cells near the endocardium are mostly undifferentiated and appear isolated in a loose filamentous matrix. Ridge cells progressively cluster toward the middle layer, become surrounded by a dense matrix, and adopt characteristics typical of smooth muscle cells. This suggests the existence of a differentiation gradient. The middle layer is formed by typical smooth muscle cells embedded in a meshwork matrix that contains thin and thick filaments. Stretching of this meshwork suggests an active role of smooth muscle cells in bulbus wall dynamics. Furthermore, large areas of the extracellular space are occupied by elastin-like material. The amount of this material decreases toward the external layer. Collagen is demonstrated across the entire thickness of the bulbus wall, its amount and organization increasing from the inner toward the outer bulbus surface. The existence of matrix gradients should progressively increase wall strength, maintaining bulbus dilation within safe physiological parameters. The epicardium is formed by flattened cells that contain numerous pinocytotic vesicles, suggesting an active interchange of solutes with the pericardial cavity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Bulbus arteriosus of the European Eel <i>(Anguilla anguilla)</i>

Icardo

Colvée²,

Cerra³

et al. 2000

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The typical ultrastructural features of cod EEC (coated pits, tubular vesicles and MDB: Saetersdal et al 1974;Leknes 1981b;Smedsrød et al 1995) were present in cultured cod EEC. Moreover, the localization of FITClabelled collagen in ring-like structures was strikingly similar to the pattern of corresponding structures in rat liver endothelial cells (Hellevik et al 1996), indicating that cultured cod EEC avidly and specifically endocytosed FITC-labelled collagen, a functional marker for these cells in vivo (Smedsrød et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One type of highly specialized endothelium is located in the endocardium of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and several other species of teleosts. The high columnar cells, possessing conspicuous organelles (moderately dense bodies, MDB), coated pits/vesicles, numerous tubular vesicles and endosomes, have been shown to be engaged in endocytosis (Lemanski et al 1975;Saetersdal et al 1974;Leknes 1980Leknes , 1981aLeknes ,b, 1983Leknes , 1987. Recent evidence revealed that these cells have a scavenger function and are responsible for the very active endocytic clearance of collagen and other physiological waste molecules from the circulation (Smedsrød et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Isolation and culture of endocardial endothelial cells from Atlantic salmon (

1997

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This paper describes a procedure for establishing primary cultures of endocardial endothelial cells and morphologically characterizes the cultivated endothelial cells from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and salmon (Salmo salar L.). Following incubation with collagenase and trypsin, the resulting cell suspension was seeded on substrates of fibronectin, collagen or gelatin. Cod and salmon endothelial cells attached firmly to these substrates within 24 and 5 h respectively, but did not attach to uncoated tissue-culture plastic. The contamination by non-endothelial cells was kept at a minimum by working out optimal combinations of serum concentration and growth substrate. The yield was about 3x10(6) and 1x10(6) cells per kg cod and salmon, respectively. Cultures could be maintained for several weeks but cells did not proliferate. Cultivated cod endocardial endothelial cells differed from salmon endocardial cells in having abundant cytoplasm with many vesicles and avidly taking up labelled collagen. The described method allows, for the first time, functional and morphological studies to be performed under controlled conditions on both a specialized scavenger type of endothelium from cod and a conventional flat endothelium from salmon.

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“…A similar heart endocardial uptake has also been noted by Ferguson (1975) in Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758 (European plaice) and by Nakamura and Shimozawa (1994) in Oryzias latipes (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846) (Japanese rice Wsh). The endocardial cells are tall in atrium, but strongly attenuated in ventricle in gadoids and poecilids, and contain numerous bristle coated vesicles, tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum and moderately electron dense bodies in both heart chambers (Saetersdal et al 1974;Leknes 1980Leknes , 1983Smedsrød et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire heart wall in gadoid and poecilid species is spongy and the atrial endocardial cells enveloping the muscle trabeculae have a height about 10 and 5 m, respectively, whereas they are Xat in ventricle (Saetersdal et al 1974;Leknes 1980Leknes , 1987. These cells seem to play important blood cleansing roles in Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 (Atlantic cod) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866) (Southern platyWsh) (Smedsrød et al 1995;Dalmo et al 1996;Sørensen et al 1998;Seternes et al 2002;Leknes 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Blood cleansing in heart atrium of Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852), Anabantidae: Teleostei

Leknes

2007

Zoomorphology

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The capability and capacity of endocardial tissue in heart of Trichogaster leerii (Pearl gourami) to take up intraperitoneally injected horse-spleen ferritin and the regular content of indigestible wastes in this tissue are described. The entire heart wall was spongy composed of muscle trabeculae enveloped by Xat endocardial cells. In atrium these cells were Wlled by Prussian blue precipitations in sections treated with acid ferrocyanide, when the period of time between ferritin-injection and sacriWce was 6 h or more. The endocardial cell layers enveloping the muscle trabeculae in ventricle or covering the wall and valves of the ventricular apertures nearly lacked such precipitations. Those endocardial cell layers capable to endocytose much foreign ferritin, also reacted strongly with Schmorl's solution in control hearts, i.e. these atrial cells are normally rich in indigestible wastes, probably lipofuscin. We suggest that the endocytic and lipofuscin-rich endocardial cells in heart atrium may play a role in the blood clearance in T. leerii and that this cleansing in heart is restricted to atrium only in this species.

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Ultrastructure and innervation of the teleostean atrium

Cited by 56 publications

References 69 publications

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Bulbus arteriosus of the European Eel <i>(Anguilla anguilla)</i>

Light and Electron Microscopy of the Bulbus arteriosus of the European Eel <i>(Anguilla anguilla)</i>

Isolation and culture of endocardial endothelial cells from Atlantic salmon (

Blood cleansing in heart atrium of Trichogaster leerii (Bleeker, 1852), Anabantidae: Teleostei

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