Ultrastructure and tubulin immunocytochemistry of the copulatory stylet‐like structure in Childia species (Acoela)

Abstract

One of the main characters used in acoel taxonomy is the male copulatory organ. Despite this, ultrastructural studies of this structure are scarce. We studied the ultrastructure of the copulatory organ in eight species of acoels belonging to the taxon Childia. Members of Childia possess a well-developed conical or cylindrical stylet-like structure composed of needles. Immunogold cytochemistry of tubulin was used to determine the composition of the needles. Stylet-like structures of Childia species at the ultrastructural level are basically similar. Stylet needles show intracellular differentiations. As shown both by ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods, the stylet needles, in all species studied, are composed of long, parallel microtubules, either tightly packed or polymerized. We report unusual polymerization of microtubules, resulting in formation of a honeycomb-like structure in cross section. Variations of ultrastructure among Childia species include numbers and arrangement of stylet needles, shape of needles, needle compactness, microtubule polymerization, direction of stylet growth, and presence/absence of different types of granules. The stylet-like structures are homologous within Childia, but are likely to prove nonhomologous with the other needle-like structures found in acoel copulatory organs. Stylets in Platyhelminthes are not homologous with stylet-like structures in acoels.

The Acoela: on their kind and kinships, especially with nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids (Bilateria incertae sedis)

“…9 in Jondelius et al 2011), having been lost repeatedly within the clade. Yet, stylets in the Mecynostomidae are composed of tubulin (Tekle et al 2007), those in the Dakuidae are composed of actin (Brüggemann 1985b; Hooge and Rocha 2006), and the stylet of Paratomella rubra is composed of neither one of those molecules (own unpublished observation). Consequently, following Remane’s second homology criterion (similarity in substructure of character), the stylet as such is a homoplasious character.…”