Ultrastructure of capillaries in the red body (rete mirabile) of the eel swim bladder

Wagner, Roger; Froehlich, Ritchie; Hossler, Fred E.; Andrews, S. Brian

doi:10.1016/0026-2862(87)90067-7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This newly proposed model, diagrammed in Fig. 10, is supported by previous findings of tight junctions on arterial capillaries and a loose association between venous capillaries [25], as well as by a differential strength in light microscopy staining of actin filaments located on the cytoplasmic side of cell–cell adhesions (Fig. 8A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The expression of MCT1b and MCT4b in arterial capillaries and gas gland cells was demonstrated in this study. A loose (leaky) association between venous capillary endothelial cells and a tight (impermeable) adhesion between arterial capillary endothelial cells were demonstrated by Wagner [25], [26]. Gas gland cells' glucose requirement and lactic acid secretion have been demonstrated by others [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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O2-Filled Swimbladder Employs Monocarboxylate Transporters for the Generation of O2 by Lactate-Induced Root Effect Hemoglobin

et al. 2012

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The swimbladder volume is regulated by O2 transfer between the luminal space and the blood In the swimbladder, lactic acid generation by anaerobic glycolysis in the gas gland epithelial cells and its recycling through the rete mirabile bundles of countercurrent capillaries are essential for local blood acidification and oxygen liberation from hemoglobin by the “Root effect.” While O2 generation is critical for fish flotation, the molecular mechanism of the secretion and recycling of lactic acid in this critical process is not clear. To clarify molecules that are involved in the blood acidification and visualize the route of lactic acid movement, we analyzed the expression of 17 members of the H+/monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family in the fugu genome and found that only MCT1b and MCT4b are highly expressed in the fugu swimbladder. Electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that MCT1b is a high-affinity lactate transporter whereas MCT4b is a low-affinity/high-conductance lactate transporter. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that (i) MCT4b expresses in gas gland cells together with the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH at high level and mediate lactic acid secretion by gas gland cells, and (ii) MCT1b expresses in arterial, but not venous, capillary endothelial cells in rete mirabile and mediates recycling of lactic acid in the rete mirabile by solute-specific transcellular transport. These results clarified the mechanism of the blood acidification in the swimbladder by spatially organized two lactic acid transporters MCT4b and MCT1b.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

O2-Filled Swimbladder Employs Monocarboxylate Transporters for the Generation of O2 by Lactate-Induced Root Effect Hemoglobin

et al. 2012

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“…Although the morphological characteristics of the capillary tissue isolated from the eel swimbladder rete mirabile have already been reported (Dorn 1961;Bendayan et al 1974Bendayan et al ,1975Stray-Pedersen and Nicolaysen 1975;Wagner et al 1987), in the present study we have investigated the fine structural features of the endothelial cells composing the arterial capillary wall of the rete mirabile. A combination of various techniques has demonstrated the existence of an intricate tubular-vesicular system that intrudes deeply the endothelial cells and opens at both the luminal and abluminal fronts of the cells as well as in the intercellular junctional space.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Evidence of a Tubular System for Transendothelial Transport in Arterial Capillaries of the Rete Mirabile

Bendayan

Rasio

1997

J Histochem Cytochem.

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SUMMARYThe arterial endothelial cells of the rete capillaries of the eel were examined by transmission electron microscopy on thin sections, on freeze-fracture replicas, by scanning electron microscopy, after cytochemical osmium impregnation and perfusion with peroxidase. The study revealed the existence of membrane-bound tubules and vesicles that open at both the luminal and abluminal poles of the cell and at the level of the intercellular space. The tubules are straight or present successive dilations and constrictions. They branch in various directions and intrude deeply into the cell cytoplasm, forming a complex tubular network within the cell. Immunocytochemical techniques were applied on immersion-fixed tissues and on perfusion of the capillaries with albumin and insulin. These demonstrated that the tubular-vesicular system is involved in the transport of circulating proteins. Furthermore, protein A-gold immunocytochemistry has revealed the association of actin with the membranes of this system. On the basis of these results, we suggest that the transendothelial transport of serum proteins takes place by a transcytotic process through a membrane-bound tubular-vesicular system and is equivalent to the large pore system presumed from functional studies. (J Histochem Cytochem 45:1365-1378, 1997)

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“…First, the tissue mass or development of gas gland in eels is life-stage dependent, the gas gland in silver eels (pre-maturation eel) is larger than in yellow eels (immature eel) [16,30], the same observation was also described in the eel during their sex maturation or in artificially induced matured ones [16]. Second, the gas gland is chiefly composed of endothelial cells (Krogh, 1959, cited by [31], therein), it has been demonstrated the number and density of endothelial cells in the eel gas gland were changed with its life stage or reproductive status, the number of other types cells beside the endothelial cells were reduced [9,16,30,32]. Third, the phylogenic position of the eel, a member of the group of Elopomorphs considered to be close to the origin of Vertebrate evolution, may provide information on ancestral regulation in vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Correlation Between PTEN and VEGF Expressions During the Development of Gas Gland in Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Stimulated by Exogenous Hypophyseal Factors

Chen¹,

Jeng²,

Chen³

et al. 2010

TOZJ

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Organogenesis requires support of the vascular system and control of proliferation activity. VEGF, a selective mitogen for vascular endothelial cells, is important for vessel development. PTEN, known as a tumor suppressor, regulates cell size and modulates VEGF-mediated signaling on angiogenesis. However, it is not yet clear if PTEN controls tissue mass by suppressing angiogenesis provoked by VEGF and their correlations in postnatal tissue development in vivo. We used a primitive vertebrate, Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), to study this question. Swim bladder gas glands (a somatic tissue composed mainly by the capillaries) from normal eels or eels injected with hypophyseal factors were used to examine the expression of VEGF A, PTEN, IGF-1, and Flk-1 by RT-PCR. Two forms of PTEN (PTEN a, long form, and PTEN b, short form) cDNA have been cloned. There was no correlation between VEGF expression and gas gland tissue mass while a negative correlation between PTEN expression and tissue mass was noted; further, a higher correlation between the tissue mass and the ratio of VEGF to PTEN was shown. In summary, we have shown the involvement of VEGF and PTEN in postnatal tissue development, the ratio of VEGF to PTEN may represent the growth status of the tissue.

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Ultrastructure of capillaries in the red body (rete mirabile) of the eel swim bladder

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

O2-Filled Swimbladder Employs Monocarboxylate Transporters for the Generation of O2 by Lactate-Induced Root Effect Hemoglobin

O2-Filled Swimbladder Employs Monocarboxylate Transporters for the Generation of O2 by Lactate-Induced Root Effect Hemoglobin

Evidence of a Tubular System for Transendothelial Transport in Arterial Capillaries of the Rete Mirabile

Correlation Between PTEN and VEGF Expressions During the Development of Gas Gland in Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica) Stimulated by Exogenous Hypophyseal Factors

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