Ultrastructure of Cells Present in Lymph Nodes During the Development of Contact Sensitivity

Petris, S. de; Karlsbad, Gioanna; Pernis, B; Turk, J.L.

doi:10.1159/000229693

Cited by 33 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In such commonly accepted examples of this type of response as experimental allergic neuritis in the rat (16) and allograft rejection in the mouse (20) the lymphocytes have also been shown to traverse the wall of the venule by passing through the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. Furthermore, the blast cells seen in the lymphocyte-rich accumulations of the rheumatoid synovium had an ultrastructure which was similar to that described in lymph nodes during the development of contact sensitivity (1 1, 12), following antigenic stimulation (21) and following homografting (22); also following culture with phytohemagglutinin (23) and exposure to antilymphocyte serum (23,24). Finally, most of the blastoid cells observed in the lymphocyte-rich accumulations have been devoid of endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Kobayashi

Ziff

1973

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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The sublining layer of the rheumatoid synovium has been examined in the electron microscope. In this layer lymphocytes appeared to leave the blood by passing through the endothelial cytoplasm of venules and veins to form dense perivascular accumulations rich in either lymphocytes, plasma cells or both. Undifferentiated blast cells and plasmablasts were also observed in these collections. The finding of predominantly lymphocytic accumulations around some vessels and predominantly plasma-cellrich accumulations in a similar distribution around others suggested that most of the lymphocytes were plasma cell precursors or B lymphocytes.The sublining and deeper layers of the rheumatoid synovial membrane contain large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells. These are distributed either diffusely or in nodular aggregates which are frequently located around small blood vessels (1). The origin of these cells and their role in the synovial immune response (2) have not been delineated. This communication describes the emigration of lymphocytes from the blood vessels of the rheumatoid synovium, their distribution in the synovial tissue and their ultrastructural characteristics. In addition, an attempt has been made to relate the cell types observed, i.e., lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, plasmablasts and plasma cells, to the under- lying mechanism of the rheumatoid synovial inflammatory reaction. MATERIALS AND METHODSFifteen rheumatoid synovial membranes were obtained at synovectomy. All were from patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid factor tests were positive in all cases. In the examination of individual synovial membranes blocks which did not show active infiltration were discarded. For electron microscopic examination, small pieces (2 cu mm) of tissue were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.05 M cacodylate, p H 7.3, for I hour. The pieces were washed several times in cacodylate buffer and postfixed with Palade's osmium tetroxide fixative (3) for 1 hour. The tissue was then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, embedded in either Epon-Araldite resin mixture (4) or Araldite alone and sectioned on an LKB microtome. Sections were doubly stained with saturated aqueous uranyl acetate solution and lead citrate (5). Grids were examined with an RCA EMU-3 electron microscope. Thick sections were also stained with toluidine blue and observed in the light microscope. RESULTS Light Microscopic FindingsAbundant veins, venules and capillaries were seen in the sublining and deeper portions of the synovial membrane. Aggregations of lymphocytes were frequently observed in close relation-

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Kobayashi

Ziff

1973

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…The magnitude of this B-lymphocyte activation strongly suggests a nonspecific transformation. The cellular pattern of the transformation induced by the Nocardia mitogen was similar to the one induced by LPS (13,14) in vitro and also reminiscent of the sequence of cellular events occurring in lymphoid organs after in vivo administration of various antigens (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Blastic Transformation of Mouse Spleen Lymphocytes by a Water-Soluble Mitogen Extracted from Nocardia

Bona

Damais

Chedid

1974

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…only a small proportion of these develop into plasma cells, while most of them transform into small lymphocytes (13,49). In the secondary humoral antibody reaction with which we are dealing, however, the vast majority of blasts probably do evolve into plasma cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Antibodies by Electron Microscopy in Developing Antibody-Producing Cells

Petris

Karlsbad

1965

The Journal of Cell Biology

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The development of antibody-producing cells in thc early stagcs of the sccondary or hypcrimmune response has becn studied with the electron microscope in lymph nodes of adult chinchilla rabbits immunized with fcrritin or apofcrritin. The intraccllular distribution of antifcrritin antibodies was determined in the lymph node cells at 1 to 5 days after a booster injcction, employing the labelling technique prcviously used by the authors (12) to dcmonstratc the localization of antibodies in mature plasma cells. Antibodies were first detected at 48 hours in blasts; i.e., cells which have a poorly dcveloped endoplasmic reticulum and a cytoplasm filled with many ribosomes grouped in clusters. The label was subscquently found in forms intermediate bctwccn blasts and plasma cells (plasmoblasts, immature plasma cells), in which the cndoplasmic reticulum appeared progressivcly more dcvclopcd. Antifcrritin antibodies wcrc also found in cells in mitosis. In all the above ccll types, antigcnantibody precipitates were consistently found in the perinuclear space and in the cisternae of the granular endoplasmic rcticulum, from an early stage in the development of thc latter. Evidcncc was also obtained for thc presence of antibody in the Golgi area. The results arc discussed in relation to the possible cellular sites of antibody synthesis.In a previous paper (12) de Petris, Karlsbad, and Pernis described the subcellular distribution of antiferritin antibodies in the typical plasma cells present in lymph nodes of hyperimmunized rabbits on the 4th and 5th day after a booster injection of antigen. The antibodies (marked with ferritin) appeared to be localized in the perinuclear space and cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and possibly also in the Golgi region.We have now extended this research to the early stages of the immune response, namely to the study of the cells present in the lymph nodes at 24 to 72 hours after restimulation. These early stages are characterized by active cellular division, accompanied by a series of cellular transformations entailing marked ultrastructural changes. In an effort to throw light on the cellular aspects of antibody synthesis, we have tried to correlate the beginning and further development of the antibody-synthesizing activity, as deduced from the initial and subsequent intracellular distribution of labelled antibodies, with the morphological changes which occur in the antibody-producing cells and eventually lead to their full differentiation into plasma cells.The technique employed for labelling the antibodies was essentially the same as that used in the previous investigation (12): it consisted in incubating ferritin with lymph node cells of animals immunized with either ferritin or apoferritin, after suitable treatment aimed at allowing the penetration of the marker (ferritin) into the ceils. The localization of antibodies was deduced from the distribution of ferritin-antiferritin microprecipitates.Preliminary communications on this subject 759

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Ultrastructure of Cells Present in Lymph Nodes During the Development of Contact Sensitivity

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane

Blastic Transformation of Mouse Spleen Lymphocytes by a Water-Soluble Mitogen Extracted from Nocardia

Localization of Antibodies by Electron Microscopy in Developing Antibody-Producing Cells

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