Ultrastructure of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative analysis of different histological types

Kannan, S.; Cc, Kartha; Chandran, G. Jagadeesh; Pillai, M. Radhakrishna; Sudha, L.; Nalinakumari, K.R.; Nair, Muralidharan; Balaram, Prabha

doi:10.1016/0964-1955(94)90048-5

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In papers describing carcinomas of oral mucosa, attention was paid to the ultrastructural characteristics of the architecture of tumors, formation and quality of the epithelial basement membrane, junctional complexes, including hemidesmosomes, cytoplasmic structures and the size, and structure and chromatin characteristics of nuclei and nucleoli. In the assessment of our specimens, we used previously described data of ultrastructural estimation [31–33]. In our study, special attention was paid to the characteristics of cell nuclei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic factors in oral and oropharyngeal cancer based on ultrastructural analysis and DNA methylation of the tumor and surgical margin

et al. 2014

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Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are characterized by relatively low 5- year survival rates due to many factors, including local recurrence. The identification of new molecular markers may serve for the estimation of prognosis and thus augment treatment decisions and affect therapy outcome. The aim of this study was to describe the morphological characteristics and the DNA methylation status of the CDKN2A,CDH1, ATM, FHIT and RAR- genes in the central and peripheral part of the tumor and the surgical margin and evaluate their prognostic significance. 53 patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer were enrolled to the prospective study, and had been primarily treated surgically. Correlations between morphological data, hypermethylation status and clinicopathological data, as well as prognosis, were assessed. Nuclei polymorphism highly correlated with T stage (p < 0.0001), N stage (p < 0.046), and metastases to the lymph nodes pN (p < 0.004 ). Also, the number of cells in irregular mitosis correlated with T stage (p < 0.004), and highly with pN (p < 0.009). The significance of CDKN2A hypermethylation as a good prognostic factor was also established in the Kaplan-Meir test. The ultrastructural analysis showed that none of the examined tumors had homogenous texture and that resection margin specimens clean in HE stained tissue samples frequently contained single tumor cells or few cells in groups surrounded by connective tissue. This indicates the superiority of electron microscopy over standard histopathological analysis. Thus, a combination of such morphological examination with epigenetic parameters described herein could result in the discovery of promising new prognostic markers of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic factors in oral and oropharyngeal cancer based on ultrastructural analysis and DNA methylation of the tumor and surgical margin

et al. 2014

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“…With the biological bases underlying subcellular reflectance contrast of keratinocytes clarified, we demonstrate the capability to distinguish between differentiated cells and dysplastic cells in both the orthokeratinized and nonkeratinized SSEs. Since the packing state of keratin filament is associated with the level of keratinization, this knowledge may also be useful for grading cancer cells in the squamous cell carcinoma because the synthesis as well as the packing state of keratin filaments varied between well‐differentiated and poorly‐differentiated neoplastic cells . Additionally, the reflectance contrast difference between the squamous and columnar epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction suggests a possibility to detect squamous metaplasia in the simple columnar epithelium, which is a preneoplastic change in organs like cervix and lung …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding optical reflectance contrast for real‐time characterization of epithelial precursor lesions

Chen

Liu

et al. 2019

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Detecting early‐stage epithelial cancers and their precursor lesions are challenging as lesions could be subtle and focally or heterogeneously distributed over large mucosal areas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) that enables wide‐field imaging of subsurface microstructures in vivo is a promising screening tool for epithelial diseases. However, its diagnostic capability has not been fully appreciated since the optical reflectance contrast is poorly understood. We investigated the back‐scattered intensities from clustered or packed nanometer scale intracellular scatterers using finite‐difference time‐domain method and 1‐μm resolution form of OCT, and uncovered that there existed correlations between the reflectance contrasts and the ultrastructural clustering or packing states of these scatterers, which allows us to interpret the physiological state of the cells. Specifically, both polarized goblet cells and foveolar cells exhibited asymmetric reflectance contrast, but they could be differentiated by the optical intensity of the mucin cup due to the different ultrastructural make‐ups of the mucin granules; keratinocytes could demonstrate varied cytoplasmic intensity and their cytoplasmic contrast was closely correlated with the packing state of keratin filaments. Further preliminary study demonstrated that these new understandings of OCT image contrast enables the characterization of precancerous lesions, which could complement the current morphology‐based criteria in realizing “virtual histology” and would have a profound impact for the screening and surveillance of epithelial cancers.

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“…Special stains such as diastase–periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and mucicarmine may highlight intra‐ and extracellular pools of mucin, the presence of which would exclude a diagnosis of SCC. Electron microscopy shows the presence of a prominent basement membrane, desmosomes and tonofilaments 7 …”

Section: Squamous Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron microscopy shows the presence of a prominent basement membrane, desmosomes and tonofilaments. 7 immunohistochemistry Poorly differentiated SCCs express simple cytokeratins such as CK7, CK8, CK18 and CK19. With increasing degrees of differentiation, keratin subtypes associated with stratification and cornification such as CK1, CK4, CK6, CK10, CK13 and CK16 are expressed.…”

Section: Special Stains and Ultrastructural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poorly differentiated tumours of the anal canal: a diagnostic strategy for the surgical pathologist

2006

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Poorly differentiated malignancies affecting the anal canal are uncommon but pose diagnostic difficulties because of the wide range of normal cell types that may occur within a limited anatomical region. The range of lesions that may present as poorly differentiated tumours includes squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma expressing epithelial cytokeratins and other patterns of mixed differentiation, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoma and secondary tumours. This review discusses the differential diagnosis of these neoplasms with the aid of short illustrative case studies.

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Ultrastructure of oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative analysis of different histological types

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Prognostic factors in oral and oropharyngeal cancer based on ultrastructural analysis and DNA methylation of the tumor and surgical margin

Prognostic factors in oral and oropharyngeal cancer based on ultrastructural analysis and DNA methylation of the tumor and surgical margin

Understanding optical reflectance contrast for real‐time characterization of epithelial precursor lesions

Poorly differentiated tumours of the anal canal: a diagnostic strategy for the surgical pathologist

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