Ultrastructure of stomatal development in early-divergent angiosperms reveals contrasting patterning and pre-patterning

Rudall, Paula J.; Knowles, Emma V. W.

doi:10.1093/aob/mct169

Cited by 31 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A progressive decrease in stomata length (from ~40 µm in GS to ~20 µm in normal stomata) was observed in subsequent divisions, with a concomitant transition from anomocytic to paracytic structure. The sequence of events in stomatal development and pattern formation during the early stages of leaf development observed in P. nigra genotypes were similar to developmental stages demonstrated in A. thaliana (Von Groll & Altmann 2001, Bergmann & Sack 2007, Delgado et al 2011, and in early divergent angiosperms (Rudall & Knowles 2013). The distinct leaf stomatal pattern likely arose from GS that developed early in leaf ontogenesis, forming anomocytic stomata in primary lineages, and corresponding smaller stomata with paracytic structures in satellite li-Tab.…”

Section: Observations From Light and Sem Microscopysupporting

confidence: 66%

Stomata morphological traits in two different genotypes of Populus nigra L.

Russo¹,

Angelis²,

Mickle³

et al. 2015

iForest

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Populus nigra L. (black poplar) possesses amphistomatic leaves, with large\ud (giant) and normal sized stomata. The role of giant stomata in leaf development,\ud and the consequences on stomatal density in adult leaves remains elusive.\ud This paper describes the characteristics of ordinary and giant stomata in\ud leaves of two black poplar genotypes (58-861 with large leaves from northern\ud Italy, and Poli with small leaves from southern Italy). Stomatal traits in both\ud genotypes were studied using light microscopy on mature leaf adaxial and\ud abaxial epidermal impressions. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was\ud applied to study giant and normal stomata in early, young, and mature leaves.\ud Leaf abaxial surfaces in the two genotypes revealed variable sizes and patterns\ud of stomata related to differences in intrinsic water use efficiency (Wi). These\ud observations provided evidence of different stomatal types in mature black\ud poplar leaves, and new information regarding the presence and potential role\ud of giant stomata in black poplar leaves

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Section: Observations From Light and Sem Microscopysupporting

confidence: 66%

Stomata morphological traits in two different genotypes of Populus nigra L.

Russo¹,

Angelis²,

Mickle³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…A clear example of this issue is the evolution of epidermal cell files and stomatal rows, as can be observed in monocots such as lilies and grasses, but also in older groups such as conifers and far more ancient groups such as equisetum. By studying the similarities and differences in stomatal development and patterning between these disparate groups, we can more clearly see the pitfalls of assigning homology (or lack of homology) based on morphology and other visible/observable characteristics alone Rudall and Knowles, 2013;Cullen and Rudall, 2016). The wealth of genomic and transcriptomic data becoming available for more species across the land plant phylogeny may now allow us to probe how deep in time such similarities reach and where novel adaptations have arisen along the way.…”

Section: Superficial Similarities Superficial Differences: Lessons Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins and Evolution of Stomatal Development

et al. 2017

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The fossil record suggests stomata-like pores were present on the surfaces of land plants over 400 million years ago. Whether stomata arose once or whether they arose independently across newly evolving land plant lineages has long been a matter of debate. In Arabidopsis, a genetic toolbox has been identified that tightly controls stomatal development and patterning. This includes the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE, FAMA, and ICE/SCREAMs (SCRMs), which promote stomatal formation. These factors are regulated via a signaling cascade, which includes mobile EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR (EPF) peptides to enforce stomatal spacing. Mosses and hornworts, the most ancient extant lineages to possess stomata, possess orthologs of these Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stomatal toolbox genes, and manipulation in the model bryophyte Physcomitrella patens has shown that the bHLH and EPF components are also required for moss stomatal development and patterning. This supports an ancient and tightly conserved genetic origin of stomata. Here, we review recent discoveries and, by interrogating newly available plant genomes, we advance the story of stomatal development and patterning across land plant evolution. Furthermore, we identify potential orthologs of the key toolbox genes in a hornwort, further supporting a single ancient genetic origin of stomata in the ancestor to all stomatous land plants.

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“…Secondly, our findings contribute to a growing picture of the ecophysiology of A. trichopoda within its endemic habitat of the New Caledonian rain forest. We thus add data on seed dormancy and germination to studies of photosynthesis (Feild et al, 2001), stomatal function (Rudall and Knowles, 2013), vascular function (Feild et al, 2000;Turgeon and Medville, 2011;Feild and Wilson, 2012), flowering time (Fourcade et al, 2015), pollination biology (Thien et al, 2009), seed physiology (Poncet et al, 2015), population structure (Thien et al, 2003;Poncet et al, 2013) and genetic diversity (Poncet et al, 2012). These diverse studies of A. trichopoda make a major contribution to the concerted reconstruction of the ecophysiological features of the first flowering plants (see Feild et al, 2004;Feild and Arens, 2007).…”

Section: Multiple Significance Of Seed Dormancy Studies In Amborellamentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphophysiological dormancy inAmborella trichopodaseeds is a pleisiomorphic trait in angiosperms

Fogliani¹,

Gâteblé²,

Villegente³

et al. 2017

Ann Bot

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Background and Aims Recent parsimony-based reconstructions suggest that seeds of early angiosperms had either morphophysiological or physiological dormancy, with the former considered as more probable. The aim of this study was to determine the class of seed dormancy present in Amborella trichopoda, the sole living representative of the most basal angiosperm lineage Amborellales, with a view to resolving fully the class of dormancy present at the base of the angiosperm clade.Methods Drupes of A. trichopoda without fleshy parts were germinated and dissected to observe their structure and embryo growth. Pre-treatments including acid scarification, gibberellin treatment and seed excision were tested to determine their influence on dormancy breakage and germination. Character-state mapping by maximum parsimony, incorporating data from the present work and published sources, was then used to determine the likely class of dormancy present in early angiosperms.Key Results Germination in A. trichopoda requires a warm stratification period of at least approx. 90 d, which is followed by endosperm swelling, causing the water-permeable pericarp-mesocarp envelope to split open. The embryo then grows rapidly within the seed, to radicle emergence some 17 d later and cotyledon emergence after an additional 24 d. Gibberellin treatment, acid scarification and excision of seeds from the surrounding drupe tissues all promoted germination by shortening the initial phase of dormancy, prior to embryo growth.Conclusions Seeds of A. trichopoda have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy, in which mechanical resistance of the pericarp-mesocarp envelope plays a key role in the initial physiological phase. Maximum parsimony analyses, including data obtained in the present work, indicate that morphophysiological dormancy is likely to be a pleisiomorphic trait in flowering plants. The significance of this conclusion for studies of early angiosperm evolution is discussed.

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Ultrastructure of stomatal development in early-divergent angiosperms reveals contrasting patterning and pre-patterning

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Stomata morphological traits in two different genotypes of Populus nigra L.

Stomata morphological traits in two different genotypes of Populus nigra L.

Origins and Evolution of Stomatal Development

The morphophysiological dormancy inAmborella trichopodaseeds is a pleisiomorphic trait in angiosperms

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