Ultrastructure of the epiphytic sooty mold Capnodium and surface-colonized walnut leaves

Kim, Ki Woo

doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0895-9

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Once reported from the hyphal cytoplasm of sooty moulds on walnut leaves as well as lichenized fungi (Kim, ), concentric bodies ~ 200 nm in diameter were also observed in this study. Although the names “concentric bodies” and “ellipsoidal bodies” have been widely used in literature, other terminologies can be proposed to represent the ultrastructure from a different perspective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Given the hyphal cell wall profiles on the leaf surface ( Figure 4b), sooty moulds appear to repetitively regenerate their vegetative cells by cell wall dissolution and de novo assembly of their components for their longevity. Conidial clusters comprised many cells and were enclosed with electron-dense melanin layers that could shield hyphae from solar radiation (Kim, 2016). The extracellular depositions on sooty mould hyphae may correspond to the melanin depositions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complications inherent in working with these fungi are indicated by the few available cultures and the small number of DNA sequences deposited in GenBank (Hughes & Seifert, 2012). An ultrastructural study of sooty moulds on walnut leaves revealed melanin layers and concentric bodies in hyphal cytoplasm, possibly associated with the epiphytic growth of sooty moulds (Kim, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves

Kim

2017

Forest Pathology

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Summary Sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The adaxial leaf surface was distinctly covered with soot‐like masses of dark brown hyphae and conidia. The main characteristics of the sooty moulds included stauroconidia, conidial clusters, hyphal degeneration and extracellular melanin depositions. Some conidia were round, measured ~10 μm in diameter, and mostly one‐septate; others were branched and multiseptate (stauroconidia). Based on their morphology, the sooty moulds were determined to consist of several component fungal species belonging to genera such as Antennaria, Metacapnodium and Tripospermum. Enclosed in electron‐dense melanin layers, hyphae and conidial clusters had concentric bodies exhibiting electron‐transparent cores and electron‐dense shells with fibrillar sheaths. Concentric bodies are hypothesized to function as multilayer lipid‐encapsulated nanobubbles or eukaryotic gas vesicles for cytoplasmic volume control. Intrahyphal hyphae possessed electron‐dense cytoplasm and lipid globules. These results suggest that sooty moulds are equipped with melanized cell walls, multicelled resting structures, hyphal regeneration, intrahyphal growth and gas vesicles to adapt to their xeric phylloplane environment. Condensed and elongated starch granules in the chloroplasts of mesophyll tissues may indicate the acclimation of the sooty leaf regions to light reduction and temperature increase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves

Kim

2017

Forest Pathology

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“…Sooty mold diseases on landscape trees and shrubs commonly cause blackened plant parts through the proliferation of epiphytic fungal complexes (Kim, 2016). The black fungal covering means that less sunlight reaches the leaf surface, which reduces photosynthesis compared to green, healthy leaves (Insausti et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanin is also known to protect fungal cells from a variety of stress factors, such as desiccation, ultraviolet rays, and extreme temperatures, all of which are against fungal epiphytic growth (Kim, 2016). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging of Crape Myrtle Leaves Infested with Sooty Mold

Kim

Kweon

Park

et al. 2016

The Plant Pathology Journal

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The spatial patterns for temperature distribution on crape myrtle leaves infested with sooty mold were investigated using a digital infrared thermal imaging camera. The mean temperatures of the control and sooty regions were 26.98°C and 28.44°C, respectively. In the thermal images, the sooty regions appeared as distinct spots, indicating that the temperatures in these areas were higher than those in the control regions on the same leaves. This suggests that the sooty regions became warmer than their control regions on the adaxial leaf surface. Neither epidermal penetration nor cell wall dissolution by the fungus was observed on the adaxial leaf surface. It is likely that the high temperature of black leaves have an increased cooling load. To our knowledge, this is the first report on elevated temperatures in sooty regions, and the results show spatial heterogeneity in temperature distribution across the leaf surface.

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Sooty molds from the Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina

Nunes

Massini

Escapa

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise The sooty molds are a globally distributed ecological group of ascomycetes with epiphyllous, saprotrophic habit, comprising several phylogenetically distant taxa (i.e., members of the classes Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes). Their fossil record extends almost continuously back to the early Cretaceous; however, they are hypothesized to have originated in the early Mesozoic. Here, we describe new specimens of sooty molds associated with conifer leaves from Jurassic hot spring deposits of Patagonia, Argentina. Methods Thin sections of chert samples from the La Matilde Formation, Deseado Massif (Santa Cruz, Argentina) were observed using light microscopy. Results The fungi occur on the surface and axils of leafy twigs with podocarpaceous affinities, forming dense subicula comprised by opaque moniliform hyphae. Additionally, several asexual and sexual reproductive structures are observed. On the basis of vegetative (i.e., dense subicula composed of moniliform hyphae; hyphae composed of opaque cells deeply constricted at the septa) and reproductive characters (i.e., poroconidial and sympodioconidial asexual stages and diverse spores), two morphotypes were identified with affinities within lineages of the subphylum Pezizomycotina that encompass the ecological group of sooty molds, and a third morphotype was within the phylum Ascomycota. Conclusions This finding extends the fossil record of sooty molds to the Jurassic and their geographic fossil range to the South American continent. In particular, their association with podocarpaceous conifers is shown to be ancient, dating back to the Jurassic. This new record provides an additional reference point on the diversity of interactions that characterized Jurassic forests in Patagonia.

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Ultrastructure of the epiphytic sooty mold Capnodium and surface-colonized walnut leaves

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves

Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves

Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging of Crape Myrtle Leaves Infested with Sooty Mold

Sooty molds from the Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina

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