Ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction of vasomotor nerves in the microvasculature of human dental pulp

Okamura, Kazuhiko; Kobayashi, Ieyoshi; Matsuo, Keitaro; Taniguchi, Koki; Ishibashi, Yukihide; Izumi, Toshio; Sakai, Hidetaka

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(94)90041-8

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Moreover, the mean distance between nerve endings and microvessels is 179, 461, and 923 nm in small arterioles (10 -15 m in diameter), large arterioles (20 -50 m), and venules (10 -40 m), respectively (Okamura et al, 1994). Our data for microvessels in rat dental pulp are not consistent with the findings in human pulp; the postcapillary venules were more densely supplied by CGRP-IR nerve fibers (arrows in Fig.…”

Section: Venule Permeabilitycontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…The perivascular nerves are composed of (1) Fig. 13 indicates possible varicosities), and the innervation of capillaries and venules has also been proven (Okamura et al, 1994(Okamura et al, , 1995Tabata et al, 1998). As for the thick nerve bundles, CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) nerves form a meshwork similar to that of NPY-IR nerves, but the fine NPY-IR nerve fibers are denser than those of CGRP-IR nerves.…”

Section: Innervation Of Pulp Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Three‐dimensional wall structure and the innervation of dental pulp blood vessels

Iijima

Zhang

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The involvement of neural components in plasma extravasation and blood flow in the dental pulp has been established by pharmacological and physiological studies. We review here the segmental constitution of pulp vessels and the possible involvement of neural components in both the contractility and permeability of the pulp vessels from a morphological viewpoint. Six vascular segments can be identified based on the morphology of peri-endothelial cells, such as smooth muscle cells and pericytes. These are: muscular arterioles, terminal arterioles, precapillary arterioles, capillaries, postcapillary venules, and collecting or muscular venules. The perivascular nerve forms a mesh with numerous terminal varicosities, some of which attach directly to arteriolar smooth muscle cells. This mesh can be seen by scanning electron microscopy, and indicates the important role of neural components in regulating the pulpal circulation. After administering norepinephrine (0.2 mg/kg/dog), the surface texture of the smooth muscle cells of pulp arterioles reveals marked irregularities, which are correlated with arteriolar contraction. The pericytes in larger postcapillary venules (diameter 20 microm or larger) also show irregularities, whereas no changes are seen in the pericytes of either smaller postcapillary venules or capillaries. The intercellular spaces of pericytes in the postcapillary venules are wide enough for leukocytes to pass through, and the occasional extravasation of leukocytes through venule walls can be seen under electron microscopy. The microvessels of healthy human dental pulp react weakly to selectins, indicating that apparently healthy dental pulp may be weakly inflamed. In rat dental pulp, CGRP-immunoreactive nerves and nerve terminals containing many granular vesicles supply the postcapillary venules more densely than the arterioles, which suggests the involvement of postcapillary venules in neurogenic inflammation in the dental pulp.

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Section: Venule Permeabilitycontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Innervation Of Pulp Vesselsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Three‐dimensional wall structure and the innervation of dental pulp blood vessels

Iijima

Zhang

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…A typical example of the wound healing of dental pulp tis sue is represented by the formation and the deposition of reparative dentine in carious teeth, and by the formation of a dentine bridge after pulpotomy. Previous reports have shown that transplanted dental pulp tissues can produce mineralized hard tissue at the transplanted sites [Oh et al, 1978;Sato, 1988;Ishizuka et al, 1989], In addition, our pre vious report has shown that cultured human dental pulp cells without odontoblasts can form mineralized hard tissue in vitro [Ishibashi et al, 1994]. These facts demonstrate that the dental pulp tissue contains cell lineages that have an ability to form hard tissue.…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

“…We have already proven that the microcirculatory system in the hu man dental pulp possesses the precise neurovascular rela tionship equivalent to that in other tissues and/or organs, suggesting the capability of delicate regulation of the blood flow in various pulp conditions [Okamura et al, 1994[Okamura et al, , 1995, However, the access of microcirculation of the dental pulp could occur only through the apical foramina, and therefore the pulp cannot be supplied with an adequate blood flow during severe pulpal injury. The lower sensitiv ity of cellular proliferation of human dental pulp cells seems to depend on inadequate blood supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Behavior of Human Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Carious Stimuli Analyzed by PCNA Immunostaining and AgNOR Staining

Kobayashi

Izumi²,

Okamura³

et al. 1996

Caries Res

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The change in proliferative and metabolic activities of human dental pulp cells responding to carious stimuli was studied by means of immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining. We classified the pulp tissues into five groups according to the progression of dental caries, ranging from grade 0 (the pulp of noncarious teeth) to grade 4 (the pulp of perforated carious teeth). PCNA-positive pulp cells were detected only in advanced dental caries (grades 3 and 4), and the difference in immuno-positive rate was significant between the two grades (p < 0.001). However, the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus increased even in the early phase of dental caries, significant differences being detected between grades 1 and 2 (p < 0.005), 2 and 3 (p < 0.005), and 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). Our data suggested that the metabolic activity of dental pulp cells was enhanced in the early phase of dental caries. However, proliferation of pulp cells occurred later in small degrees during fully developed caries such as grades 3 and 4. The slow and weak response in cellular proliferation might contribute to the usual fragility of the pulp to various assaults including caries or pulpitis.

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“…The distribution of sympathetic fibers is highest in blood vessels in the pulp horns near the odontoblastic region and is lowest in the apical region. They terminate as free nerve endings in pulp and innervate predominantly the arterioles, although other vessels also receive some innervation (80). The presence of NPY in sympathetic terminals in dental pulp also contributes to vasoconstriction, as demonstrated after appropriate ␣-adrenoreceptor blockade, particularly during high-frequency stimulation of the sympathetic supply.…”

Section: The Role Of Innervation and Neuropeptide Release In The Contmentioning

confidence: 98%

Neuropeptides in Dental Pulp: The Silent Protagonists

Caviedes-Bucheli¹,

Muñoz²,

Azuero-Holguin³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endodontics

140

138

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Ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction of vasomotor nerves in the microvasculature of human dental pulp

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Three‐dimensional wall structure and the innervation of dental pulp blood vessels

Three‐dimensional wall structure and the innervation of dental pulp blood vessels

Biological Behavior of Human Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Carious Stimuli Analyzed by PCNA Immunostaining and AgNOR Staining

Neuropeptides in Dental Pulp: The Silent Protagonists

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