Ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus) and Exitianus nanus (Distant) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)

Sperm ultrastructure of Pochazia shantungensis (Chou & Lu) and Ricania speculum (Walker) (Hemiptera, Ricaniidae) with phylogenetic implications

“…But they are symmetrical with two different regions, including a paracrystalline region and a less electron-dense region in Fulgoroidea (Cruz-Landim and Kitajima 1972, Chawanji et al 2005, 2006, Zhang and Dai 2012, Su et al 2014, Hodgson et al 2016, Jiang and Qin 2018). This study found a pair of symmetrical accessory bodies in Ricaniidae, like those found in Aethalionidae (in Membracoidea) and Cicadellidae (Kubo-Irie et al 2003, Araújo et al 2010, Zhang and Dai 2012, Su et al 2014, Zhang et al 2016). In Aethalionidae, it has also three different regions (a clear, less electron-dense region, a dense area and a mitochondrial crista region) (Araújo et al 2010).…”

“…a cylindrical and bilayer acrosome, a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme microtubule pattern, two mitochondrial derivatives. Except Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea, other auchenorrhynchans have two accessory bodies (Folliot and Maillet 1970, Cruz-Landim and Kitajima 1972, Kubo-Irie et al 2003, Chawanji et al 2005, 2006, Araújo et al 2010, Zhang and Dai 2012, Su et al 2014, Zhang et al 2016, Dallai et al 2016). It seems that these two suborders (Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha) have undergone different evolutionary routes, which lead to great changes in the axoneme of the flagellum.…”

“…Spermatodesmata were described as rope-like in Cicadoidea, Cicadelloidea and Fulgoroidea (Chawanji et al 2005, Su et al 2014, Jiang and Qin 2018), and ball-like in Membracoidea and Cercopoidea (Araújo et al 2010, Zhang and Dai 2012, Hodgson et al 2016) (Table 1). In Aphididae, Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Sternorrhyncha), spermatodesmata are elongate with the sperm aligned in one direction (Robison 1972, Vitale et al 2011, Hodgson et al 2016, Barcellos et al 2017).…”

“…Because recent phylogenetic analyses support the major relationships as Fulgoroidea + (Membracoidea sister to Cicadoidea + Cercopoidea) (Cryan 2005, Johnson et al 2018), if in Membracoidea the mitochondrial derivatives are 3-parted as in Ricaniidae, it is very probable that Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea and Cicadelloidea have the the apomorphic state, and Ricaniidae share a plesiomorphic state with Aethalionidae. Recent studies also show that ricaniid species have the D-shaped mitochondrial derivatives in cross-section and a serrated electron-dense region, the accessory body large and fishhook-shaped in cross-section, which is different from Aethalionidae and Cicadellidae (Kubo-Irie et al 2003, Araújo et al 2010, Zhang and Dai 2012, Su et al 2014, Jiang and Qin 2018). We think it is probably a peculiar character and could be considered as synapomorphic of the species in this family.…”

Ultrastructure of spermatozoa in three cicada species from China (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadidae)

“…In contrast, polymegaly of spermatozoa does not appear in the Cicadellidae and Cercopoidea within Cicadomorpha . The production of only one size type of spermatozoa has been revealed in investigated species of Membracoidea ( Cruz-Landim and Kitajima 1972 , Araújo et al 2010 , Zhang and Dai 2012 , Su et al 2014 ). Although the sperm length varies within individual males of Locris transversa ( Cercopidae ), this variation has no statistical significance, which was also observed in other two cercopids ( Folliot and Maillet 1970 ).…”