Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as promising candidates for future-generation energy storage systems due to their prominent theoretical energy density. However, their application is still hindered by several critical issues, e.g., low conductivity of sulfur species, the shuttling effects of soluble lithium polysulfides, volumetric expansion, sluggish redox kinetics, and uncontrollable Li dendritic formation. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to breaking through the obstacles that are preventing Li–S batteries from realizing practical application. Recently, benefiting from the no additives/binders, buffer of volume change, high sulfur loading and suppress lithium dendrites, the nanoarray structures have emerged as efficient and durable electrodes in Li–S batteries. Herein, recent advances in design, synthesis and application of nanoarray structures in Li–S batteries have been reviewed. First, the multifunctional merits and typical synthetic strategies of employing nanoarray structure electrodes for Li–S batteries are outlined. Second, the applications of nanoarray structures in Li–S batteries are discussed comprehensively. Finally, the challenge and rational design of nanoarray structure for Li–S batteries are analyzed in depth, with the aim of providing promising orientations for commercialization of high-energy-density Li–S batteries.