Ultrathin, lightweight, and freestanding metallic mesh for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding

Jiang, Zhouying; Huang, Wenbin; Chen, Linsen; Liu, Yanhua

doi:10.1364/oe.27.024194

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…[124] Overall, the optical and electrical performances of metal-mesh-based FTEs reported in recent years have reached a very high level. [125][126][127][128][129] The main challenge for the metal mesh comes from the fabrication process, which usually involves costly and timeconsuming technologies such as photolithography, nanoimprint lithography, e-beam lithography, vacuum-based thermal evaporation/sputtering, metal etching, and lift-off processes. In addition, metal mesh-based FTEs also face the roughness issue that also occurs on metal nanowire networks.…”

Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

111

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nanotubes [CNTs] and graphene), and metal-based materials are superior to ITO in the mechanical flexibility and the potential for roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacture. [16,17] Yet, a common drawback of FTEs made of conducting polymers, CNTs, and graphene is the inferior electrical conductivity. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Po l y ( 3 , 4 -e t h y l e n e d i o x y t h i o p h e n e )poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most widely used conducting polymers. PEDOT:PSS shows the lowest cost among various transparent electrode materials, [25] but the low intrinsic conductivity, poor environmental stability (upon exposure to high temperature, high humidity, or UV irradiation), and self-emission of blue/green tinge limit its applications in flexible optoelectronics. [1,26] Whereas individual CNT and graphene may exhibit excellent conductivity, thin films made of multijunctional assembly of these nanomaterials show high contact resistance at the junctions. [27,28] The surface defects and polycrystallinity of these carbon materials, which are difficult to eliminate, further decrease the conductivity. [28][29][30][31][32][33] On the other hand, metals possess the highest electrical conductivity among all kinds of materials. [34] Thin and surface-structured metal electrodes are optically transparent and mechanically flexible. The combinatorial attributes of high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and engineerable flexibility make metal-based materials the most promising candidates for FTEs. [3,35] To date, there are three major types of metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs), including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes. Each type of m-FTEs shows unique advantages and critical challenges toward large-scale applications as summarized in Figure 1.This article discusses the characteristics and major challenges of each type of m-FTEs, and reviews their research advances in recent years. It then discusses the ability to achieve scalable production of these m-FTEs from the point of view of materials choice and fabrication technology. Finally, it provides perspectives on the transition from lab study to industry fabrication of m-FTEs in the future. Metal-Based-Flexible Transparent Electrodes Made of Ultrathin Metal FilmsUltrathin and homogeneous metal (such as Ag, Au, Cu, or Al) films with a thickness of 10-20 nm exhibit good electrical Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with high optical transmittance, low sheet resistance, and high flexibility are critical and indispensable components of emerging flexible optoelectronic devices. Indium tin oxide (ITO), the major transparent conductive material used for optoelectronics nowadays, is not suitable for flexible applications because of its brittleness. In the past decade, researchers have developed a wide variety of new transparent conductive materials to replace ITO, among which metal-based FTEs (m-FTEs) including ultrathin metal films, metal nanowire networks, and metal meshes appear to be particularly promising. In this review, the authors summarize ...

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Section: Metal-based-flexible Transparent Electrodes Made Of Metal Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Zhang

Zheng

2021

Adv Elect Materials

111

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“…The conducting shield also strongly attenuates the EM waves because of the strong eddy currents and ohmic losses inside the shield. [79] Conventional metals (Ag, Cu, Al, Ni), being the most conductive materials, have been used against EMI for decades; [80][81][82][83][84] however, their higher density and susceptibility to corrosion limit their potential applications in lightweight mobile electronics. [85,86] Hence, different conducting materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (1D), expanded graphite, rGO, graphene, and MoS 2 (2D materials) have been examined as substitutes for heavy metals.…”

Section: Emi Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes): Applications as an Electrically Conducting Material

et al. 2020

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conductive nature, tunable surface chemistry, and the ability to intercalate other metal ions, MXenes are at the forefront of the research in this field. One of the major factors responsible for the rapid progress in the research on MXene materials is their electrical conductivity, which is the highest among all synthetic 2D materials, more than ten times the conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films. [7,8] This unique characteristic coupled with a hydrophilic nature and a good dispersion stability has expanded the applications of MXenes in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, [9] optoelectronics, [10] sensing, [11] thermal heaters (THs), [12] thermoelectrics, [13] high dielectric materials, [14] triboelectric nanogenerators, [15] and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. [16,17] Compared to graphene, the flagship 2D material, MXenes offer greater promise in applications requiring high electrical conductivity and solution processing to construct thin films via low-cost techniques such as spray coating. MXenes can form stable dispersions in a variety of solvents without an additive or surfactant; these dispersions are stable for several days, making them ideal for designing optoelectronic, plasmonic, and polymer composite applications. Most recently, a large area MXene film with dimensions of 100 cm × 10 cm was reported to possess an outstanding tensile strength (≈570 MPa), excellent electrical conductivity (≈15 100 S cm −1) and superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE), (≈50 dB for 940 nm thick film), surpassing all the existing 2D materials produced to date. [18] The search for new and intriguing applications based on the outstanding electrical conductivity of MXenes is a topic of great interest. [6,19] MXenes are typically synthesized by a top-down selective etching procedure of a parent MAX phase, where "M" is an early transition metal element, "A" represents an element from Group 13 or 14, and "X" is either carbon or nitrogen. [20] To date, more than 100 pure MAX phase materials have been prepared; this number increases with the addition of solid solutions and/ or ordered double transition metal structures. [21] Potentially, all the MAX phase precursors can be converted to their respective MXenes, presenting numerous possibilities of materials design, in particular, regulating the electronic transport in a 2D lattice. [6] The "A" group elements in the MAX phase are etched using a mixture of acids and salts, including hydrofluoric acid (HF), NH 4 F, NaF, CaF, HCl+LiF mixture (forming in situ HF), HF+HCl, and others. [20,22] The etching process leaves the termination groups, T x (e.g., O, OH, and F) on the surface of MXenes, which are bonded to the outer M layers. The surface chemistry of MXenes offers significant opportunities to develop Since their discovery in 2011, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, known as MXenes, have attracted considerable global research interest owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity coupled with light weight, ...

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“…Based on the literature data [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 ], Figure 2 plots of the technological limitations of various approaches to forming grooves in transparent materials or directly forming conductors on the substrate surface. The markers show the values of the width and depth of the groove’s or line’s height, obtained from the literature sources, and the lines show the t...…”

Section: The Analysis Of the Production Technologies Of Transparent Mesh Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically Transparent and Highly Conductive Electrodes for Acousto-Optical Devices

et al. 2021

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The study was devoted to the creation of transparent electrodes based on highly conductive mesh structures. The analysis and reasonable choice of technological approaches to the production of such materials with a high Q factor (the ratio of transparency and electrical conductivity) were carried out. The developed manufacturing technology consists of the formation of grooves in a transparent substrate by photolithography methods, followed by reactive ion plasma etching and their metallization by chemical deposition using the silver mirror reaction. Experimental samples of a transparent electrode fabricated using this technology have a sheet resistance of about 0.1 Ω/sq with a light transmittance in the visible wavelength range of more than 60%.

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Ultrathin, lightweight, and freestanding metallic mesh for transparent electromagnetic interference shielding

Cited by 66 publications

References 53 publications

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

Metal‐Based Flexible Transparent Electrodes: Challenges and Recent Advances

2D Transition Metal Carbides (MXenes): Applications as an Electrically Conducting Material

Optically Transparent and Highly Conductive Electrodes for Acousto-Optical Devices

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