Ultraviolet-A Irradiation Upregulated Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator in Pterygium Fibroblasts through ERK and JNK Pathways

Chao, Shih-Chun; Hu, Dan‐Ning; Yang, Peiyu; Lin, Ching-Yang; Nien, Chan-Wei; Yang, Shun‐Fa; Roberts, Joan E.

doi:10.1167/iovs.12-10469

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…69 Recently, Chao et al reported mRNA levels and activity of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in pterygium fibroblasts after UV-A radiation. 70 This protease can activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and is responsible for tissue degradation and tumor cell invasion. 71,72 Among the studies conducted with pterygium cells, both epithelial and stromal fibroblasts have been shown to express molecules related to connective tissue degradation and remodeling of MMP-1 and MMP-2, [73][74][75] suggesting that both cell types may contribute to the dissolution of the basement membrane and the Bowman layer.…”

Section: Causative Factors Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Pterygium Development

Cárdenas-Cantú

Zavala

Valenzuela

et al. 2014

Seminars in Ophthalmology

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Pterygium pathogenesis is mainly related to UV light exposure. However, the exact mechanisms by which it is formed have not been elucidated. Clinical advances in surgical treatment use conjunctival autografts and amniotic membranes in combination with adjuvant therapies, including mitomycin C, β-radiation, and 5-fluoroacil, to reduce recurrence. Several studies aim to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying pterygium growth and proliferation. They demonstrate the role of different factors, such as viruses, oxidative stress, DNA methylation, apoptotic and oncogenic proteins, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite instability, inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix modulators, lymphangiogenesis, cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and alterations in cholesterol metabolism in pterygium development. Understanding the molecular basis of pterygium provides new potential therapeutic targets for its prevention and elimination. This review focuses on providing a broad overview of what is currently known regarding molecular mechanisms of pterygium pathogenesis.

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Section: Causative Factors Uv Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Basis of Pterygium Development

Cárdenas-Cantú

Zavala

Valenzuela

et al. 2014

Seminars in Ophthalmology

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“…In this graph, the y axis represents the threshold value for damage to occur. In vivo responses to overexposure to UV radiation (Chao et al, 2013) include haze in the epithelium and stroma, discharge and debris in the tears, and granules in the endothelium.…”

Section: Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary response is in the corneal epithelium, but effects can penetrate beyond Bowman's membrane to the stroma (Cullen, 2002). Pterygium is a chronic response to UV radiation exposure (Chao et al, 2013). It is an inflammatory, proliferative growth on the cornea and conjunctiva that can impair vision.…”

Section: Corneamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, UV radiation entering obliquely from the temporal side (which is mostly blocked on the opposite side by the nose; Coroneo, 2011) can reach the cornea, which contains the more lipid-and-oxygen rich epithelial cells (around the medial limbus), and the lens (aided by focusing from the cornea). Such light is strongest at 40 solar altitude and has been strongly implicated (Chao et al, 2013) in the development of pinguecula and pterygium (benign growths of the conjunctiva). Since it is UV radiation coming in unobstructed from the side, sunglasses Sasaki et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

Hammond

Johnson

George

2014

Experimental Eye Research

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The fact that light is necessary for life is generally accepted as an axiom. The extent to which light interacts and influences human biology, however, is often not fully appreciated. Exposure to sunlight, for instance, can both promote and degrade human health. There is now general scientific consensus that, although the eye evolved to respond to light, it is also damaged by excessive exposure. Light-mediated ocular damage is involved in the pathophysiology of many common forms of blindness. The type of ocular tissue damage induced by light exposure depends on the extent of exposure and wavelength. The tissues of the lens, cornea, and retina contain specific chemical moieties that have been proven to exhibit light-mediated oxidative degradation. Proteins and lipids present in the cornea, lens, and retina, meet all of the physical requirements known to initiate the process of oxidative photodegradation upon exposure to solar radiation. As such, different mechanisms have evolved in the lens, cornea, and retina to ameliorate such light-mediated oxidative damage. It appears, however, that such mechanisms are ill-matched to handle modern conditions: namely, poor diet and longer life-spans (and the degenerative diseases that accompany them). Hence, steps must be taken to protect the eye from the damaging effects of light. Preventative measures include minimizing actinic light exposure, providing exogenous filtering (e.g., through the use of protective lenses), and enhancing antioxidant defenses (e.g., through increased dietary intake of antioxidants). These strategies may yield long-term benefits in terms of reducing oxidative photodegradation of the ocular tissues.

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“…3 All these risk factors including the exposure to ultraviolet light may contribute to the development of pinguecula and pterygium. 4 The presence of pinguecula or pterygium is an incidental finding during routine eye examination or it may be noticed by self/relatives/friends at times. Many people seek consultation because it results in not only cosmetic blemish and it may extend on to the corneal surface and result in irregular astigmatism and visual impairment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pterygium and pinguecula: Do the Bengaluru garment factory workers suffer from this eye morbidity?

2020

IJCEO

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Introduction: India is a developing country & the garment workers in these industries are exposed to various occupational health problems, leading to sickness absenteeism and compromise in quality of life, & the eye disorders were reported by 11.2% of workers. The prevalence of pterygium in India varies from 9-12% in general population. This study aims at determining the proportion of garment factory workers suffering from pinguecula and/or pterygium and their associated risk factors. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. All the garment factory workers presenting to the ophthalmology department for routine eye examination were screened for pinguecula and pterygium. Standard protocol was followed to measure vision using Snellen's chart. Data was analysed for percentage and proportions after obtaining approval from Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 848 subjects were screened out of which 102 (12.03 %) were found to have pinguecula or pterygium. Of these 91% were females and 9% were males & the mean age of the affected was 39 years. Pinguecula was present in 84 subjects (82%) & pterygium was present in 18 (17.7%) subjects. The nature of work in majority of the subjects (n=79, 77.5%) was tailoring. Sickness absenteeism was more profound in pterygium group (28%). Personnel's with greater than twelve years of work experience had suffered by pinguecula (44%) and pterygium (39%). Conclusion: In our study 1 in 8 workers suffered from pinguecula or pterygium. The affected belonged to middle age (39 years) and had significant work experience (above 12 years). Thus pterygium and pinguecula may be considered as major occupational health problems among the garment factory workers. Immediate policy decisions like screening and providing better working conditions for the workers is the need of the hour for the garment industries.

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Ultraviolet-A Irradiation Upregulated Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator in Pterygium Fibroblasts through ERK and JNK Pathways

Abstract: UVA stimulated the production of uPA, a key factor in the modulation of extracellular matrixes, inflammatory processes, and angiogenesis. This may have a role in the development and progression of pterygium.

Cited by 39 publications

References 52 publications

Molecular Basis of Pterygium Development

Molecular Basis of Pterygium Development

Oxidative photodegradation of ocular tissues: Beneficial effects of filtering and exogenous antioxidants

Pterygium and pinguecula: Do the Bengaluru garment factory workers suffer from this eye morbidity?

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