Ultraviolet B Irradiation Modulates the Immune System of Fish (Rutilus rutilus, Cyprinidae). I. Phagocytes

Abstract

Roach (Rutilus rutilus) were irradiated with a single dose of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (0.4 J/cm2) in order to study the effects of UVB on the nonspecific immune defense mechanisms of fish. Neutrophils and macrophages were isolated from the head kidney of fish on days 1-14 postirradiation. Both random and directed migration of neutrophils, studied by migration under agarose assay, were suppressed on day 1 after UVB irradiation. The respiratory burst of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophils and macrophages was also suppressed at days 1 and 2 after UVB irradiation. The suppression of migration and respiratory burst were restored or the responses were even enhanced later, but on the other hand spontaneous cytotoxicity of neutrophils toward 51chromium-labeled K562 target cells stayed suppressed throughout the 14 day follow-up. This study indicates that UVB radiation has the potential to suppress the functioning of phagocytes and to compromise the immune system of fish.

Different sensitivity of carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the immunomodulatory effects of UVB irradiation

“…Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated respiratory burst by phagocytes was determined by the luminolenhanced chemiluminescence (CL) method [2,19]. The CL produced by blood and head kidney leucocytes was monitored with a microplate luminometer (Victor 2 Ô, 1420 Multilabel Counter, Wallac, Turku, Finland) in a 200 ml reaction volume at 25 C. Cells (2.5 Â 10 5 head kidney leucocytes, or 5 Â 10 5 blood leucocytes) or whole blood (5 ml) was suspended in incubation medium, and luminol was added to the wells.…”

Effect of gamma radiation on the growth, survival, hematology and histological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae

“…Negative effects of UVB and gamma irradiation on the immune system of fish (Salo et al, 1998;Markkula et al, 2006;Engel, 1967;Gwozdzinski, 1991;Cassidy et al, 2007;Anbumani and Mohankumar, 2012) have been reported. In another study by Almasiova et al (2012), deterioration in renal interstitial tissue and hematopoietic tissue, which plays an important role in the formation of erythrocytes and leukocytes and the number of blood vessels, was observed in guppy fish exposed to 20 Gy gamma radiation.…”

What do male tench, Tinca tinca, advertise with morphological ornaments?

“…After collection, the organ was placed in an Eppendorf tube with Hank's Na + and Ca 2+ free balanced salt solution and a drop of heparin and homogenized through a nylon net (mesh size, 80 mesh, i.e. wires per inch, about 300 μm) (Salo et al 1998). The homogenate was layered on a two-step Percoll gradient (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Uppsala, Sweden).…”

“…In fish, phagocytes are the most important component of the cellmediated immune system (Finco-Kent and Thune 1987;Secombes and Fletcher 1992), and the ability of these cells to produce oxidative anions has been used to describe their ability to kill pathogens (Collazos et al 1995;Salo et al 1998). In this study, we measured this ability as chemiluminescence of blood (1) and chemiluminescence of head kidney phagocytes (2).…”