Ultraviolet Carcinogenesis in Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Part II: Review and Update on Epidemiologic Correlations

Abstract

The relationship between ultraviolet radiation and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is further elucidated by a review of case-control studies relating type of exposure to the development of NMSC. Intermittent sun exposure is important in the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma, whereas cumulative exposure is important for both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The regional distribution of NMSC is also in areas of sun exposure. Furthermore, there are inherent risk factors for the development of NMSC that include hair and eye colors. Once an individual develops NMSC, he/she has increased risk of developing basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or melanoma.

Occupational Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation and Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in a Multinational European Study

“…Other environmental and occupational exposures, for instance to arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and ionizing radiation have been linked to NMSC [13]–[16]. Lifestyle factors such as indoor/outdoor tanning-related behaviors, and host characteristics including medical history and familial susceptibility are also associated with an enhanced risk of NMSC [17], [18].…”

Multiparametric assessment of Cd2+ cytotoxicity using MTT‐based microfluidic image cytometry

“…The causes of skin cancer include increased sun exposure, exposure to ultraviolet (UV), outdoor activities, changes in clothing style, increased longevity, ozone depletion, as well as genetics [Leiter and Garbe, 2008]. Among these causes, exposures to sunlight and UV play a pivotal role in developing skin cancer and even influence mortality [Mona and Amal, 2004; Berwick et al, 2005; Leiter and Garbe, 2008; Xu et al, 2009].…”

Factors associated with risky sun exposure behaviors among operating engineers

“…Targeted screening has been proven to be effective in detecting melanoma and precancerous lesions (Swetter et al, 2003). Early detection improves the prognosis and the opportunity to improve survival (Mona et al, 2004). Therefore, skin examinations of this population by physicians should be performed on a regular basis, so that skin problems and risks of skin cancer are evaluated and treated in an early stage.…”

“…The causes of skin cancer include increased sun exposure, exposure to ultraviolet (UV), outdoor activities, changes in clothing style, increased longevity, ozone depletion, as well as genetics (Leiter et al, 2008). Among these causes, exposures to sunlight and UV play a pivotal role in developing skin cancer and even influence mortality (Leiter et al, 2008; Mona et al, 2004; Xu et al, 2009; Berwick et al, 2005). …”