Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids after their reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid

Scott, Ralph W.; Moore, Wayne; Effland, Marilyn J.; Millett, Merrill A.

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(67)90084-x

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Uronic acids react with 89 % H 2 SO 4 to give 5-formyl-2-furoic acid as a major product. Ribose and 2-deoxyribose can be determined in 79 % H 2 SO 4 , with some advantage in sensitivity to ribose as compared to current procedures which use 95 % H 2 SO 4 (Scott et al 1967).…”

Section: Uv Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality

Bharate¹,

Bharate

2012

J Food Sci Technol

120

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Citrus juices are widely consumed due to their nutritional benefits and variety of pharmacological properties. Non-enzymatic browning (NEB) is one of the most important chemical reactions responsible for quality and color changes during the heating or prolonged storage of citrus products. The present review covers various aspects of NEB in citrus juice viz. chemistry of NEB, identifiable markers of NEB, analytical methods to identify NEB markers and ways to improve the quality of citrus juice. 2,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone (DMHF) is one of the promising marker formed during browning process with number of analytical methods reported for its analysis; therefore it can be used as an indicator for NEB process. Amongst analytical methods reported, RP-HPLC is more sensitive and accurate method, which can be used as analytical tool. NEB can be prevented by removal of amino acids/ proteins (via ion exchange treatment) or by targeting NEB reactions (e.g. blockage of furfural/ HMF by sulphiting agent).

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Section: Uv Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality

Bharate¹,

Bharate

2012

J Food Sci Technol

120

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“…Available protein and carbohydrate were estimated by colorimetric analysis of 2 N NaOH-hydrolyzed acetone-extracted samples. Carbohydrate was analyzed following reaction in concentrated sulfuric acid (Scott et al 1967) using a galactose standard (Sigma). Protein was determined by the colorimetric method of Lowry et al (1 95 1) using a bovine serum albumin standard (Sigma).…”

Section: Shrimp Sampling and Ingesta Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Composition of Pond Biota, Shrimp Ingesta, and Relative Growth of Penaeus vannamei in Earthen Ponds

Hunter

Pruder

Wyban

1987

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Indigenous pond biota contribute to the nutrition of shrimp grown in semi‐intensive and extensive earthen ponds. Penaeus vannomei ingesta was used to assess the nutritional contribution of pond biota and applied feed in model 225 m2 nominally managed earthen ponds. Biochemical analyses were also performed on representative pond biota and pond environment samples. Average dry matter shrimp ingesta composition (N= 64) was: available carbohydrate, 4.2%± 1.8%; lipid, 4.8%± 2.3%; available protein, 9.6%± l.0%; carbon, 9.6%± 1.0%; nitrogen, 5.9%± 2.9%. Ingesta carbon decreased from 27.0%± 3.9% on week 2 to 16.3%± 3.3% on week 8, and nitrogen content decreased from 9.5%± 4.3% to 3.6%± 0.8% during the same interval. The decrease of ingesta C:N ratio from weeks 2 to 8 may indicate changing nutritional requirements of the shrimp. Ingesta essential amino acids varied by less than 10% from short‐neck clam protein. Except for several samples which were low in arginine, pond biota and environment samples contained amino acid profiles which were close to short‐neck clam. Essential fatty acid composition of shrimp ingesta was highly variable. Ingesta 22:6 fatty acid was present in populations of shrimp from ponds experiencing the highest weekly growth rates. Ingesta 22:6 fatty acid was not present in measurable amounts in shrimp experiencing the lowest growth. The unsaturated fatty acids 20:5 and 22:6 were absent from some pond biota and environment samples and abundant in others. The applied diet contained no measurable 20:5 or 22:6. The management implications of shrimp ingesta biochemical analyses are that diets may be fed which nutritionally complement pond biota consumed by the shrimp.

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“…Raw data were elaborated on a Chromeleon 6.8 chromatography software (Dionex) with application of 0.5-10 μg/mL mannose calibration curve. Rapid hexose quantification was performed by Phenol-H 2 SO 4 method [43]. Protein concentration was determined by Micro BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, characterization and immunogenicity of HIV-1 related high-mannose oligosaccharides-CRM197 glycoconjugates

et al. 2010

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The dense glycan shield on the surface of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 masks conserved protein epitopes and facilitates virus entry via interaction to glycan binding proteins on susceptible host cells. The broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2G12 binds a cluster of high-mannose oligosaccharides on the gp120 subunit of HIV-1 Env protein. This oligomannose epitope is currently being considered for the design of a synthetic vaccine. The cluster nature of the 2G12 epitope suggests that a multivalent antigen presentation is important to develop a carbohydrate-based vaccine candidate. In this work we describe the development of neoglycoconjugates displaying clustered HIV-1 related oligomannose carbohydrates. We exploited flexible polyamidoamine (PAMAM) scaffold to generate four- and eight-valent sugar clusters of HIV-1-related oligomannose antigens Man(4), Man(6) and Man(9). The multivalent presentation of oligomannoses increased the avidity of Man(4) and Man(9) to 2G12. The synthetic glycodendrons were then covalently coupled to the protein carrier CRM(197), formulated with the adjuvant MF59, and used to immunize two animal species. Oligomannose-specific IgG antibodies were generated; however, the antisera failed to recognize recombinant HIV-1 gp120 proteins. We conclude that further structural vaccinology work is needed to identify an antigen presentation that closely matches in vivo the structure of the epitope mapped by 2G12.

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Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids after their reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality

Non-enzymatic browning in citrus juice: chemical markers, their detection and ways to improve product quality

Biochemical Composition of Pond Biota, Shrimp Ingesta, and Relative Growth of Penaeus vannamei in Earthen Ponds

Preparation, characterization and immunogenicity of HIV-1 related high-mannose oligosaccharides-CRM197 glycoconjugates

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