Ultraweak photon emission in the brain

Abstract

Besides the low-frequency electromagnetic body-processes measurable through the electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), etc. there are processes that do not need external excitation, emitting light within or close to the visible spectra. Such ultraweak photon emission (UPE), also named biophoton emission, reflects the cellular (and body) oxidative status. Recently, a growing body of evidence shows that UPE may play an important role in the basic functioning of living cells. Moreover, interesting evidences are beginning to emerge that UPE may well play an important role in neuronal functions. In fact, biophotons are byproducts in cellular metabolism and produce false signals (e.g., retinal discrete dark noise) but on the other side neurons contain many light sensitive molecules that makes it hard to imagine how they might not be influenced by UPE, and thus UPE may carry informational contents. Here, we investigate UPE in the brain from different points of view such as experimental evidences, theoretical modeling, and physiological significance.

Cell vibron polariton resonantly self-confined in the myelin sheath of nerve

“…This fact indicates that the C-H vibration excitations exist the form of vibrons but not phonons. Based on the characteristics of the myelin sheath, together with the ultra-weak emission of biophotons 24,28,[33][34] , we built a full quantum mechanics (QM) model involving the photon-vibron coupling for exploring its effects in the myelin sheath. Considering that the myelin thickness was much less than its perimeter and length [15][16] and the confinement of specific-frequency light in a cylinder majorly depended on the cylindrical thickness (but not on its diameter) 30 , we employed a thin-film model ( Fig.…”

“…Recently, neuroscientists have been realizing that the myelin sheath may act as far more than an insulator during signal conduction 23 . An infrared (IR) emission was reported to take place in mitochondria located in the axon of the myelinated neuron [24][25][26][27] , potentially providing IR photons for nerves. Subsequently, based on classical electromagnetic fields, a hypothesis of micron-scalar waveguide was proposed stating that IR light can travel in the myelin sheaths of nerves, serving as signals between neurons in addition to the well-established electrochemical signals [28][29] .…”

“…Hence, the myelin sheath, as majorly composed of phospholipid molecules, is more complicated than a normal waveguide when interacting with IR light because the frequencies of molecular vibration modes are mostly in the IR range [31][32] . Moreover, the rate of biophoton emission was estimated to be ultra-weak, less than 1 photon/ms/neuron 24,28,[33][34] . The quantum effect, thus, cannot be ignored and the coupling of a photon with the myelin sheath should be considered on the molecular to cellular levels from the quantum-electrodynamics view.…”

Endogenous spontaneous ultraweak photon emission in the formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections before birth

“…UPE originates primarily from natural radical (redox) reactions and the deactivation of excited molecules (Imaizumi et al, 1984;Nakano, 2005;Kamal and Komatsu, 2015). Neurons produce UPE through radical reactions during normal metabolism (Artem'ev et al, 1967;Isojima et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 1997;Kataoka et al, 2001;Kobayashi et al, 1999a;Tang and Dai, 2014a;Salari et al, 2015).…”

Quantum energy levels of glutamate modulate neural biophotonic signals

“…The theoretical studies speculate that the reasons for these phenomena may be related to the mechanism of quantum biological action (3)(4)(5), however, the theoretical framework based on traditional quantum mechanics, such as quantum coherence, entanglement and superposition, could not explain the existence of phenomena very well (6,7). Recent studies have shown that biophoton activity may play an important role in quantum biological mechanisms, and it was reported that glutamate, the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, could induce biophotonic activities and transmission in neural circuits, which may involve the mechanism of photon quantum brain (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The characteristic differences such as spectral redshift in glutamate-induced biophotonic activity in different animals may give some evolutionary advantages such as human intelligence (13), but may also allow human beings to be more sensitive to the development of neurological and psychiatric diseases due to the changes in neurotransmitter functions.…”