Umbilical cord clamping in term piglets: A useful model to study perinatal asphyxia?

Dijk, Aalt D. J. van; Loon, Johannes P.A.M. van; Taverne, M.A.M.; Jonker, Frederik H.W.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.044

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, in that study we found no significant differences in pO2 and pCO2 between control and asphyxiated piglets probably because of the small sample size (n=10 piglets in each group) and large variability of these parameters. In contrast, in the present study, these two parameters, as well as other parameters of asphyxia such as lower pH and higher lactate blood levels, reflected the severity of asphyxia at birth in large piglets (van Dijk et al, 2008). Soon after birth and once the piglet starts adapting to extrauterine life, these parameters are expected to return to physiological levels in a short period of time (Orozco-Gregorio et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Physiological response to hypoxia in piglets of different birth weight

Martínez‐Rodríguez

Mota-Rojas

Ortega

et al. 2011

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Physiological response to hypoxia in piglets of different birth weight

Martínez‐Rodríguez

Mota-Rojas

Ortega

et al. 2011

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…The integrity of the umbilical cord and assessment of acid-base balance at birth correlated with neonatal survival and birth asphyxia (Zaleski and Hacker, 1993;Herpin et al, 1996;Mota-Rojas et al, 2005c;Van Dijk et al, 2006, 2008a. We found significant differences among groups regarding the umbilical cord condition and the vitality score.…”

Section: Vitality: Umbilical Cord and Asphyxiamentioning

confidence: 73%

Porcine neonates failing vitality score: physio-metabolic profile and latency to the first teat contact

Ortega¹,

Mota-Rojas²,

Juárez³

et al. 2011

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Clinical studies by Mota-Rojas et al. (2007) carried out on commercial pig farms showed that out of 1000 newly born piglets between 150 and 200 animals experienced apnoea after birth and it was related to perinatal asphyxia longer than 30 s, affecting the vitality in a negative way and delaying the latency of connecting to the dam's teat, which represents an economic impact for the producer. In another study where 11 324 farrowings were analysed from 5000 breeding Mexican pig farms, MotaRojas and Ramírez (1996) ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to compare the metabolic and electrolytic profile as well as the morphological appearance of the umbilical cord and newly born piglets' weight that failed the vitality test scale compared to those who passed. Newborn piglets were divided into three groups according to the vitality with a modified Apgar score at birth: Group 1, failing with a score < 5 (G 1 : n = 218), Group 2 had a score of 6 to 7 (G 2 : n = 439) and Group 3 had scores > 8 (G 3 : n = 464). Results showed significant differences among groups (P < 0.05) in the physio-metabolic pH, PCO 2 , PO 2 , Na + , Ca 2+ , glucose, lactate and bicarbonate values. Regarding weight, temperature and latency to connect the maternal teat, there were also significant differences (P < 0.05) among groups; it took 23.38 min for G 3 while neonatal piglets from G 1 took 30 min longer (P < 0.05) to make the first teat contact. The neonates from the latter group had a higher percentage (75.68%) of broken umbilical cords, with higher birth weight (+200 g, P < 0.05), showed higher than normal blood glucose concentrations, and had lower body temperature at birth (-0.7°C, P < 0.05) and PO 2 in comparison with the other groups of neonates that passed the vitality score. A novel point of this study is the profile characterization of piglets that failed and passed the vitality score; we expect that the data provided may be applicable as reference values of metabolic and electrolyte blood profiles in newborn piglets according to their vitality. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that low vitality newborn piglets had clearly undergone through perinatal asphyxia. Potential indicators increasing this condition are: high birth weight, low body temperature, vitality score ≤ 5, and the presence of the broken umbilical cord at birth.

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“…ABG has also been used to validate an experimental pig model that simulates in utero asphyxia (van Dijk et al 2006(van Dijk et al , 2008. In this study, asphyxia was simulated by experimentally occluding the umbilical cords of neonates born by caesarean section.…”

Section: How Do We Determine the Physiometabolic Profile?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: a review

Mota-Rojas¹,

Martı́nez-Burnes²,

Villanueva-García³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The objective of this review is to integrate clinical findings and laboratory analyses in such a way to improve the welfare of newborn piglets and achieve better prognoses of neonatal viability. Deaths during the intrapartum period account for a significant proportion of pre-weaning mortality in farms worldwide. Piglets which die during parturition generally have normal size and typically lack gross lesions at post-mortem examination. However, circulatory abnormalities in the umbilical cord help in assessing piglet viability. Cord lesions can be classified as normal (adhered), oedematous, congested or haemorrhagic and should always be evaluated in perinatal deaths. The likelihood of neonatal survival decreases rapidly as the severity of umbilical cord lesions increase. The physiometabolic blood profile which includes acid-base balance, degree of dehydration, mineral balance, metabolic expenditure and gas exchange are also useful clinical elements for properly assessing neonatal viability. Neonatal survival is notably reduced when the blood pH falls below 7.0, lactate rises above 90 mg/dl, bicarbonate drops below 10 mmol/l, or the pCO 2 increases above 110 mm/Hg. Blood calcium is also an excellent indicator of neonatal stress when used in combination with the other parameters mentioned above. Trembling due to an imbalance in the movement of calcium in muscle is also a factor involved in neonatal mortality. Neurological function in the newborn piglet could also be evaluated by adapting the Apgar score widely used in human perinatology. Neonates with scores lower than 6 in a 10 point scale have generally lower survival rates. The two most important indicators for this vitality score are breathing latency and bradycardia. If the neonate has apnoea for more than 5 min and the cardiac frequency does not increase to more than 110 beats per minute the prognosis for survival is rather poor.

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Umbilical cord clamping in term piglets: A useful model to study perinatal asphyxia?

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Physiological response to hypoxia in piglets of different birth weight

Physiological response to hypoxia in piglets of different birth weight

Porcine neonates failing vitality score: physio-metabolic profile and latency to the first teat contact

Animal welfare in the newborn piglet: a review

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