UMSC-derived exosomes promote retinal ganglion cells survival in a rat model of optic nerve crush

Donor Selection is a Critical Component Using Naïve Endogenous Adult Stem Cells for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases and Traumatic Injuries

“…Results using allogeneic telomerase negative MSCs, expressing MHC Class-I on their cell surfaces, demonstrated either stasis of disease progression, slowed disease progression, or no effect on disease progression with MSC transplantation [7,8,50,51,55,60,61,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]90,92,95,96,99,103,106,107,[149][150][151]. These studies suggested that there was an immunomodulatory rather than a reparative effect of the MSCs with respect to the diseases treated.…”

Bone marrow stromal cells‑derived exosomes target DAB2IP to induce microglial cell autophagy, a new strategy for neural stem cell transplantation in brain injury

“…Briefly, bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) are potentially useful for the treatment of a number of brain injury diseases due to their abundant supply. An increasing number of studies have reported their prospective functions and applications (9,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). In the present study, 758 miRNAs were detected in exosomes of MSCs using Agilent miRNA chip technology, where rno-miR-32-3p, rno-miR-211-3p, rno-miR-188-5p and rno-miR-465-5p were first found in the exosomes of MSCs.…”

“…for immunotherapy in treating tumors and autoimmune diseases (16,17). Previous studies have suggested that autophagy participates in the regulation of inflammation to prevent the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (18).…”

“…Li et al ( 15 ) previously reported that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes significantly inhibit the ratio of peripheral blood CD3 + CD4 + T cells and CD3 + CD8 + T cells in normal humans. Exosomes with effective immunosuppressive functions have been demonstrated to provide a novel target for immunotherapy in treating tumors and autoimmune diseases ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Extracellular vesicle therapy for retinal diseases

“…Thus, while many studies refer to their preparations as "exosomes" as opposed to EV, we will refer to them as EV unless they fulfill the definition of exosomes detailed recently (Klingeborn et al, 2017a) which are 30-150 nm vesicles loaded with at least some of the exosomal proteins CD63, CD9, CD81, syntenin-1, and TSG101. We also add a further requirement to the definition that is often included in most recent studies which is the use of a 0.22 µm filter, removing contaminating microvesicles (albeit at the cost of a reduced overall yield) that are often isolated with exosomes in most techniques such as ultracentrifugation or polyethylene glycol precipitation (Konoshenko et al, 2018;Ma et al, 2020;Mead and Tomarev, 2017;Pan et al, 2019). Isolation of exosomes with more intricate techniques such as sucrose gradients, relying on their buoyant density of about 1.10-1.19 g/ml, are also employed but this is largely restricted to specialized studies into vesicle mechanics and not therapeutic assessment (Shurtleff et al, 2016).…”