Un cas de leishmaniose féline disséminée dans le sud de la France

Pocholle, E.; Reyes-Gomez, Édouard; Giacomo, A.; Delaunay, Pascal; Hasseine, Lilia; Marty, Pierre

doi:10.1051/parasite/2012191077

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In particular, only the presence of the 18 kDa band was suggestive of L. infantum infection as described previously in cats [17, 25] and humans [22, 23]. …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Diagnostic performance of ELISA, IFAT and Western blot for the detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in cats using a Bayesian analysis without a gold standard

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAnti-Leishmania antibodies are increasingly investigated in cats for epidemiological studies or for the diagnosis of clinical feline leishmaniosis. The immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB) are the serological tests more frequently used. The aim of the present study was to assess diagnostic performance of IFAT, ELISA and WB to detect anti-L. infantum antibodies in feline serum samples obtained from endemic (n = 76) and non-endemic (n = 64) areas and from cats affected by feline leishmaniosis (n = 21) by a Bayesian approach without a gold standard.MethodsCut-offs were set at 80 titre for IFAT and 40 ELISA units for ELISA. WB was considered positive in presence of at least a 18 KDa band. Statistical analysis was performed through a written routine with MATLAB software in the Bayesian framework. The latent data and observations from the joint posterior were simulated in the Bayesian approach by an iterative Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique using the Gibbs sampler for estimating sensitivity and specificity of the three tests.ResultsThe median seroprevalence in the sample used for evaluating the performance of tests was estimated at 0.27 [credible interval (CI) = 0.20–0.34]. The median sensitivity of the three different methods was 0.97 (CI: 0.86–1.00), 0.75 (CI: 0.61–0.87) and 0.70 (CI: 0.56–0.83) for WB, IFAT and ELISA, respectively. Median specificity reached 0.99 (CI: 0.96–1.00) with WB, 0.97 (CI: 0.93–0.99) with IFAT and 0.98 (CI: 0.94–1.00) with ELISA. IFAT was more sensitive than ELISA (75 vs 70%) for the detection of subclinical infection while ELISA was better for diagnosing clinical leishmaniosis when compared with IFAT (98 vs 97%).ConclusionsThe overall performance of all serological techniques was good and the most accurate test for anti-Leishmania antibody detection in feline serum samples was WB.

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“…In particular, only the presence of the 18 kDa band was suggestive of L. infantum infection as described previously in cats [17, 25] and humans [22, 23]. …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 65%

Diagnostic performance of ELISA, IFAT and Western blot for the detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in cats using a Bayesian analysis without a gold standard

et al. 2017

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“…In southern European countries, canine and human leishmaniosis are mainly caused by L. infantum zymodeme MON-1 [ 9 ]. This occurs also in FeL [ 10 – 14 ], but zymodemes MON-72 and MON-201 have also been isolated in two single cases from Sicily [ 10 ]. How is Leishmania transmitted to the cat?…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we have only reviewed case reports or case series originally from European countries. A total of 46 clinical cases have been published between 1989 and 2014, where the diagnosis of FeL was confirmed by serological and/or parasitological methods [ 11 – 14 , 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 50 – 67 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis

et al. 2015

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Limited data is available on feline leishmaniosis (FeL) caused by Leishmania infantum worldwide. The LeishVet group presents in this report a review of the current knowledge on FeL, the epidemiological role of the cat in L. infantum infection, clinical manifestations, and recommendations on diagnosis, treatment and monitoring, prognosis and prevention of infection, in order to standardize the management of this disease in cats. The consensus of opinions and recommendations was formulated by combining a comprehensive review of evidence-based studies and case reports, clinical experience and critical consensus discussions. While subclinical feline infections are common in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis, clinical illness due to L. infantum in cats is rare. The prevalence rates of feline infection with L. infantum in serological or molecular-based surveys range from 0 % to more than 60 %. Cats are able to infect sand flies and, therefore, they may act as a secondary reservoir, with dogs being the primary natural reservoir. The most common clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities compatible with FeL include lymph node enlargement and skin lesions such as ulcerative, exfoliative, crusting or nodular dermatitis (mainly on the head or distal limbs), ocular lesions (mainly uveitis), feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome, mucocutaneous ulcerative or nodular lesions, hypergammaglobulinaemia and mild normocytic normochromic anaemia. Clinical illness is frequently associated with impaired immunocompetence, as in case of retroviral coinfections or immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is based on serology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) or culture. If serological testing is negative or low positive in a cat with clinical signs compatible with FeL, the diagnosis of leishmaniosis should not be excluded and additional diagnostic methods (cytology, histology with IHC, PCR, culture) should be employed. The most common treatment used is allopurinol. Meglumine antimoniate has been administered in very few reported cases. Both drugs are administered alone and most cats recover clinically after therapy. Follow-up of treated cats with routine laboratory tests, serology and PCR is essential for prevention of clinical relapses. Specific preventative measures for this infection in cats are currently not available.

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“…A fourth lesion in the auricular pavilion was consistent with squamous-cell carcinoma. 30 Lymphadenomegaly was also frequently reported, accompanied by fever, scaling and alopecia of the head and abdomen, ulcers on bony prominences, history of abortion, 35 mild periodontitis, 28 onychogryphosis, cachexia with muscular atrophy and weakness. 42 Moreover, ocular leishmaniosis was described as featuring ocular lesions such as corneal exudative ulcers, panuveitis and panophthalmitis.…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 Allopurinol, 100 mg q24h, was also administered to a 14-year-old FIV-positive cat with a 3-year history of recurrent pododermatitis. 30 After 4 months of treatment, this case of disseminated leishmaniosis was considered to be in remission, with healing of the dermic lesions. The treatment further contributed to a reduction in the parasitaemia (11 parasites/ml in contrast with 26 parasites/ml at the beginning of the diagnosis).…”

Section: Therapy and Prevention Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about feline leishmaniosis?

Soares

Duarte

Sousa

2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), endemic areas of leishmaniosis have spread and the number of reported cases has increased. Europe is one of the continents with greatest risk of the re-emergence of this zoonosis. The significance of the cat as a reservoir of Leishmania species and not simply an accidental host seems to be gaining ground, mainly because: (i) cats can present increased seropositivity between serological analyses, but the pattern of seropositivity is not consistent between cats; (ii) cats can be infected for some months and thus are available for sandflies; and (iii) cats transmit the Leishmania species agent in a competent form. Furthermore, cats have behavioural characteristics that contribute to infection by Leishmania infantum and, as such, feline leishmaniosis (FeL) has been reported worldwide. When clinical signs of FeL are present, they are non-specific and frequently occur in other feline diseases. If they go undiagnosed, they can contribute to an underestimation of the actual occurrence of the disease in cats. The low seroprevalence titres, along with the commonly asymptomatic infection in cats, can further contribute to the underestimation of FeL occurrence. This work aims to raise awareness about FeL among veterinarians by providing a review of the current status of FeL infection caused by L infantum worldwide, the major clinicopathological features of infection, along with recent developments on FeL diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

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Un cas de leishmaniose féline disséminée dans le sud de la France

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Diagnostic performance of ELISA, IFAT and Western blot for the detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in cats using a Bayesian analysis without a gold standard

Diagnostic performance of ELISA, IFAT and Western blot for the detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in cats using a Bayesian analysis without a gold standard

LeishVet update and recommendations on feline leishmaniosis

What do we know about feline leishmaniosis?

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