2020
DOI: 10.1177/0192512120927120
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(Un)Democratic change and use of social sanctions for domestic politics: Council of Europe monitoring in Turkey

Abstract: Monitoring is the formal instrument through which the Council of Europe imposes social sanctions on its member countries by publicly exposing their wrongdoings. As a soft governance tool, monitoring is argued to have a limited impact on state policies. Yet, in Turkey, Council of Europe monitoring worked to promote pro-democratic change and then backfired through the escalation of authoritarian practices. This article shows that being subjected to Council of Europe monitoring can lead to democratic change if an… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(10 citation statements)
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References 26 publications
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“…We do so by acknowledging and critically scrutinising the diversity of regional approaches to democracy protection through sanctions. Six articles focus on specific ROs: ROs in the Americas (Palestini, 2020), the AU (Hellquist, 2020), the European Union (EU) (Closa, 2020), the CoE (Soyaltin-Colella, 2020), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Schembera, 2020), and LAS (Debre, 2020). A seventh contribution (Whitehead, 2020) has a comparative and cross-regional perspective.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…We do so by acknowledging and critically scrutinising the diversity of regional approaches to democracy protection through sanctions. Six articles focus on specific ROs: ROs in the Americas (Palestini, 2020), the AU (Hellquist, 2020), the European Union (EU) (Closa, 2020), the CoE (Soyaltin-Colella, 2020), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Schembera, 2020), and LAS (Debre, 2020). A seventh contribution (Whitehead, 2020) has a comparative and cross-regional perspective.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Likewise, the CoE has, since its creation in 1949, allowed for suspension of membership rights in cases of violations of core values. On this basis, the CoE for instance suspended Greece in 1967 and Turkey in 1981 from the Parliamentary Assembly (Soyaltin-Colella, 2020; Whitehead, 1986). ROs in the Americas, such as OAS, MERCOSUR, the Andean Community (CAN), and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) (Palestini, 2020) have integrated sanctions into primary legislation through additional protocols.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Turkey has a long history of accession negotiations with the EU. However, especially during the last decade, there has been a reluctance to implement EU reforms and an increase in undemocratic measures (Soyaltin-Colella, 2020: 6). Additionally, the increasing tensions emerging from the EU’s reluctance to accept Turkey’s membership have led Turkey to adopt a more diplomatic approach to non-Western foreign policy (Donelli and Gonzalez-Levaggi, 2016).…”
Section: Contextualisation Of the National Setting And Methodological Reflectionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Such "naming and shaming" can be especially common in non-crisis situations as a response to human rights abuses (Hafner-Burton 2008;Terman and Voeten 2018), though it can also apply across other domains (Friman 2015). This can include antidemocratic reforms (Sedelmeier 2017;Soyaltin-Colella 2020). This use of an adversary's distraction to pursue goals that they might otherwise object to is related to, but distinct from, a domestic government using diversionary foreign policy to distract its citizens from its own performance (for discussion of diversionary foreign policy, see Smith 1996;Pickering and Kisangani 2005).…”
Section: Crisis As Opportunismmentioning
confidence: 99%