Un modelo social cognitivo de intenciones emprendedoras en estudiantes universitarios

Abstract

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza las limitaciones de la literatura previa sobre intenciones emprendedoras de estudiantes universitarios y propone un modelo de elección de carreras emprendedoras basado en la Teoría Social Cognitiva de Carrera (TSCC) de Lent, Brown y Hackett (1994, 2000. Particularmente, el estudio hipotetiza una relación secuencial directa entre intereses vocacionales, intenciones y conductas emprendedoras, desencadenada a su vez por las creencias de autoeficacia y expectativas de resultados extrínsecos e intrínsecos atribuidos a la creación de empresas. En la puesta a prueba del modelo, se describe un estudio realizado con 400 estudiantes universitarios de distintas áreas de conocimiento. Los resultados del trabajo, obtenidos mediante la técnica PLS (Partial Least Squares), confirman una relación positiva entre intereses, intenciones y conductas emprendedoras tempranas y erigen la autoeficacia emprendedora como el principal desencadenante de dicha secuencia de metas. Por su parte, las expectativas de resultados intrínsecos se asocian con los intereses vocacionales por la creación de empresas mientras que las recompensas esperadas a nivel extrínseco no influyen en el modelo. Los resultados tienen importantes implicaciones para el diseño de programas de apoyo a la iniciativa emprendedora en entornos universitarios. Palabras clave: Iniciativa emprendedora; intención emprendedora; Teoría Social Cognitiva de Carrera (TSCC); elección de carrera; autoeficacia emprendedora; estudiantes universitarios; ecuaciones estructurales.Title: A social cognitive model of entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Abstract: This work analyzes the limitations of previous literature on entrepreneurial intentions of university students and proposes a model of entrepreneurial career choice based on Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Hackett (1994, 2000). Particularly, the study hypothesizes a sequential direct path between entrepreneurial vocational interests, intentions and nascent behaviors, which in turn would be triggered by the beliefs of self-efficacy and outcome expectations attributed to business start-up at both extrinsic and intrinsic levels. To test the hypotheses of the model, an empirical study carried out with 400 university students within different knowledge areas is described. The results obtained, using the PLS (Partial Least Squares) technique, confirm a positive direct link between entrepreneurial interests, intentions and nascent behaviors, while perceived entrepreneurial self-efficacy predicts such goal sequence. Otherwise, intrinsic outcome expectations are related to vocational interest in business startup, whereas expected extrinsic rewards do not play any important role in the model. These findings have important implications for the design of entrepreneurship support programs in university environments.

Prior Exposure and Educational Environment towards Entrepreneurial Intention

“…Our results are similar to the revised model shows that better explains Ajzen IE (Maes et al, 2014;Valencia et al, 2015;Lanero et al, 2015;López Vidal, 2013). It is interesting to note that IE literature includes studies where SN does not appear as significant.…”

A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students

“…Given its robustness, the TPB has become one of the most widely used psychological theories for explaining and predicting human behaviour in general (Kolvereid, 1996b;Tkachev & Kolvereid, 1999;Varamäki et al, 2013). The models based on this theory have been successfully used in the entrepreneurial context to predict the specific behaviour of starting a new business (Kautonen et al, 2013(Kautonen et al, , 2015Kolvereid, 1996aKolvereid, , 1996bKrueger & Carsrud, 1993). Also, it has been successfully used to assess the entrepreneurial intention of students in very different cultural settings (Autio, Keeley, Klofsten, Parker, & Hay, 2001;Devonish, Alleyne, Charles-Soverall, Young Marshall, & Pounder, 2010;Fayolle, Gailly, Lassas-Clerc, & Lassas-Clerc, 2006;Iakovleva, Kolvereid, & Stephan, 2011;Kolvereid, 1996b;Krueger et al, 2000;Krueger & Carsrud, 1993;Tkachev & Kolvereid, 1999).…”

“…Therefore, social entrepreneurs often behave based on their sense of moral values. Mair and Noboa (2006) called this construct moral judgement and interpreted this sentiment through the lens of ethical principles that appeal to justice, human equality and respect for the dignity of the individual (Kohlberg, 1971). Hockerts (2017) on the other hand, called his construct moral obligation and argued that moral obligation can better measure the extent to which moral judgement will lead to moral intent.…”

Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention among Young People: Model and Regional Evidence

“…In addition to the variables mentioned in the causal models of reference, other authors have focused on other personal variables than those mentioned above, highlighting demographic variables, life history, work experience and gender [68,76,77]. Psychological variables have also been taken into account, as is the case of motivation or personality traits (e.g., commitment, self-esteem, safety, extroversion) [62,78,79].…”