Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono‐ and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis

Granafei, Sara; Losito, Ilario; Palmisano, Francesco; Cataldi, Tommaso R. I.

doi:10.1002/rcm.7928

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The results of the cellular and chloroplast lipid composition in I. galbana Parke indicated that chloroplasts were the major sites for fatty acid synthesis and lipid biosynthesis. The results of glycolipids were consistent with those reported for chloroplast from land plants like Arabidopsis [46,47]. One important exception was that the content of DGDG was higher compared with the MGDG in this alga.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Isolation of chloroplasts from marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana Parke suitable for organelle lipid composition analysis

Ye¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Marine microalgae, Isochrysis galbana Parke, is an important diet microalgal species with high nutritional value. Different from other unicellular microalgae, its cell contains two chloroplasts which are the major sites for lipid synthesis. Results: Here, we optimized a chloroplast isolation approach suitable for I. galbana Parke, and evaluated the purity and integrity of the isolated chloroplasts by microscopic observations and biochemical assays. The chloroplast lipids were sequenced by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Glycolipids were the main chloroplast lipids, and DGDG, MGDG, and SQDG were the most abundant glyceroglycolipids. DGMG and SQMG were not observed among the chloroplast lipids. In addition, DG was the most abundant neutral lipid. A part of fatty acyl R1/R2 with MGMGs, DGDGs, MGDGs, SQDGs, PEs, and PCs were not found in chloroplasts. The fatty acid proportion of chloroplast lipids were increased, decreased, or remained unchanged compared with the whole-cell. Conclusions: This newly developed isolation approach was a simple and reliable method to isolate chloroplasts with high integrity and purity. Collectively, our findings show that such an isolation approach may be used in studies on many different aspects of chloroplast biology, and offers a useful reference for isolation of chloroplast from other marine microalgae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Isolation of chloroplasts from marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana Parke suitable for organelle lipid composition analysis

Ye¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Due to the occurrence of a sulfonic group in their structure, SQMG like SQDG could be easily detected as deprotonated species ([M-H] − ) using ESI in negative polarity [27]. As already reported [31,32], it is possible to recognize both SQDG and SQMG species from their tandem mass spectra, thanks to a marker product ion at m/z 225.01, corresponding to the dehydrated form of the sulfoquinovosyl anionic head with molecular formula [C 6 H 9 O 7 S] − . Since each acyl chain generates two product ions, one due to its neutral loss as fatty acid (the neutral loss as ketene is hardly revealed) and the other to the corresponding carboxylate anion, it is possible to infer both the length and unsaturation degree of the fatty acyl chain(s) of SQDG and SQMG [27,31,33].…”

Section: Sqdg and Sqmg In The Lipid Extract Of U Pinnatifida By Rplc-esi(-)-ms And Tandem Ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipidomics of the Edible Brown Alga Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2021

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The lipidome of a brown seaweed commonly known as wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), which is grown and consumed around the world, including Western countries, as a healthy nutraceutical food or supplement, was here extensively examined. The study was focused on the characterization of phospholipids (PL) and glycolipids (GL) by liquid chromatography (LC), either hydrophilic interaction LC (HILIC) or reversed-phase LC (RPLC), coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometry (MS), operated both in high and in low-resolution mode. Through the acquisition of single (MS) and tandem (MS/MS) mass spectra more than 200 PL and GL of U. pinnatifida extracts were characterized in terms of lipid class, fatty acyl (FA) chain composition (length and number of unsaturations), and regiochemistry, namely 16 SQDG, 6 SQMG, 12 DGDG, 5 DGMG, 29 PG, 8 LPG, 19 PI, 14 PA, 19 PE, 8 PE, 38 PC, and 27 LPC. The FA (C16:0) was the most abundant saturated acyl chain, whereas the monounsaturated C18:1 and the polyunsaturated C18:2 and C20:4 chains were the prevailing ones. Odd-numbered acyl chains, iJ., C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, and C19:1, were also recognized. While SQDG exhibited the longest and most unsaturated acyl chains, C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3, in the sn-1 position of glycerol, they were preferentially located in the sn-2 position in the case of PL. The developed analytical approach might pave the way to extend lipidomic investigations also for other edible marine algae, thus emphasizing their potential role as a source of bioactive lipids.

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“…In another case, by combining the hydrolysis catalyzed by Lecitase® Ultra and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and sequential mass spectrometry, the regiochemistry of sulfoquinovosylmonoglycerides and sulfoquinovosyldiglycerides in the lipid contained in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) was investigated and the main components determined [155].…”

Section: Other Uses Of Lecitase Ultra In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lecitase ultra: A phospholipase with great potential in biocatalysis

Virgen-Ortíz

Santos

Ortíz

et al. 2019

Molecular Catalysis

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Lecitase Ultra is a chimera produced by the fusion of the genes of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus and the phospholipase A1 from Fusarium oxysporum. The enzyme was first designed for the enzymatic degumming of oils, as that problem was not fully resolved before. It is commercialized only as an enzyme solution by Novo Nordisk A/S. This review shows the main uses of this promising enzyme. Starting from the original degumming use, the enzyme has found applications in many other food modification applications, like production of structured phospholipids (e.g., derivatives of phosphatidylcholine), tuning the properties of flour, etc. Moreover, the enzyme has been used in fine chemistry (resolution of racemic mixtures), in the production of aromas and fragrances, polymers modification, etc. Some papers show the use of the enzyme in biodiesel production. Moreover, we present the different technologies applied to obtain a suitable immobilized biocatalyst, remarking the immobilization via interfacial activation and how heterofunctional acyl supports may solve some of the limitations. Immobilized enzyme physical and chemical modifications have also been presented. Finally, Lecitase Ultra has been one of the model enzymes in a new strategy to coimmobilize lipases and other less stable enzymes.

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Unambiguous regiochemical assignment of sulfoquinovosyl mono‐ and diacylglycerols in parsley and spinach leaves by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization sequential mass spectrometry assisted by regioselective enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Isolation of chloroplasts from marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana Parke suitable for organelle lipid composition analysis

Isolation of chloroplasts from marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana Parke suitable for organelle lipid composition analysis

Lipidomics of the Edible Brown Alga Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Lecitase ultra: A phospholipase with great potential in biocatalysis

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