Unbearable transepidermal water loss (TEWL) experimental variability: why?

Peer, R.P.; Burli, Anuk; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.1007/s00403-021-02198-y

Cited by 16 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…With age, the TEWL value of transcutaneous water loss showed a trend of rising first, then falling, and then slowly rising (almost unchanged). Peer et al found that due to uncontrolled experimental variables, the repeatability of TEWL was difficult to guarantee ( 16 ), so we discarded this skin parameter. With age, the amount of sebum secretion SM showed a downward trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Skin Aging Stages in Chinese Females

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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BackgroundFacial skin is exposed to the environment, which marks it with obvious signs of aging. Based on multi-dimensional non-invasive evaluation data, female facial skin can be characterized in detail. However, there are few studies on the general aging rules of facial skin. Most skin aging studies divide the ages into 5–10-year intervals, so they have lacked dynamic matching with facial skin aging.AimTo explore facial skin aging rules, discuss the main parameters of facial skin aging, propose an unequal-distance aging division method based on the main skin parameters, and study the skin characteristics of Chinese women of different aging stages.MethodsWe comprehensively described the skin status as 24 non-invasive skin parameters belonging to five dimensions: skin wrinkles, texture, stain, color and barrier function. We performed polynomial fitting on the 21 skin parameters that were significantly correlated with age and derived the rules of aging in the different dimensions. Based on the wrinkle dimension, the facial skin aging process was divided into four stages, and the skin characteristics of the different stages were compared.ResultsSkin wrinkles increased, texture deteriorated, acne decreased, pigment spots increased, skin tone darkened, and sebum secretion decreased with age, according to the polynomial fitting. The aging stage was divided into an incubation period (18–30 years old), an aging occurrence period (31–42 years old), a rapid aging period (43–47 years old), and a stable aging period (48–60 years old), according to the wrinkles. Different aging stages had different skin characteristics.ConclusionThe incubation period is the critical period for the appearance of skin stains; the skin texture gradually deteriorates during the aging occurrence period; the rapid aging period is a critical period for the aging of skin parameters; skin status during the stable aging period is the worst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Skin Aging Stages in Chinese Females

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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“…In addition, it is important to control for variables affecting TEWL in experimental settings that have been supported by the literature such as age and anatomic location to minimise confounding in TEWL measurement. 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 4 Additionally, the systematic review by Peer et al. 5 summarised additional factors that may impact TEWL and suggested that age and skin surface temperature may impact TEWL. Given such great variation, it is important to avoid adding to this variation by minimising measurement variation in experimental settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 TEWL varies greatly between individuals and across anatomical locations as described extensively by Akdeniz et al 3 Many factors likely contribute to anatomic variation in TEWL values, but increased sweat gland activity at locations such as the forehead compared to the forearm lead to increases in water vapour and TEWL measurements. 4 Additionally, the systematic review by Peer et al 5 summarised additional factors that may impact TEWL and suggested that age and skin surface temperature may impact TEWL. Given such great variation, it is important to avoid adding to this variation by minimising measurement variation in experimental settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transepidermal water loss (TEWL): Environment and pollution—A systematic review

Green

Kashetsky

Feschuk

et al. 2022

Skin Health and Disease

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Introduction Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is an objective measurement of skin integrity measured as the amount of water lost across the stratum corneum. TEWL varies greatly across variables such as age and anatomic location, and disruptions in the skin barrier have been linked to inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Impact of environmental conditions and pollution on TEWL has yet to be determined. Accordingly, this review summarizes effects of environmental conditions and pollution on TEWL. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to find human studies that provided data on environmental conditions and/or pollution and TEWL. Results In total, 15 studies were included, with 11 studies examining environmental and seasonal conditions on TEWL and four examining pollution. All studies examining pollution showed increased TEWL in people exposed to particulate matter or NO2. Contradictory results were found on the effects of season and climate across the 11 studies, with no consensus reached. Conclusion Exposure to pollution is reported to cause increases in TEWL, likely through free radical damage. Significant discrepancies exist among current literature as to the effects of season and climate on TEWL. There is a need to continue examining environmental variables other than temperature and relative humidity, such as atmospheric and steam pressure, that may impact TEWL.

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“…In addition to gender and skin toughness, skin tone or fairness is an example of a factor increasing TEWL following SLS damage [ 59 , 60 ], not recorded herein, that could be considered in future trials. Elevated levels of stratum corneum cytokines, age, and anatomical site are other factors affecting TEWL values [ 18 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussion Sls Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Delta-5® oil, containing the anti-inflammatory fatty acid sciadonic acid, improves skin barrier function in a skin irritation model in healthy female subjects

Berger¹

2022

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Sciadonic acid (SA) is an anti-inflammatory fatty acid displacing arachidonic acid (ARA) from specific phospholipid pools, thus modulating downstream pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Its novel anti-inflammatory actions have been studied in vitro, in pre-clinical models, and stemming from testimonials, after topical- and oral application. It has not been tested in a formal clinical study for topical benefits previously. Skin barrier layer was our focus as it has a critically important role in maintaining skin moisture balance. Methods Herein, forearm skin was left undamaged; or barrier layer was chemically-damaged with 2% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for 24 h. SLS-damaged skin was left untreated or treated with Delta-5® oil containing 24% SA twice daily for 27 days. Barrier function was assessed by open chamber transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin surface impedance on days 0 (clear skin), -1 (1-day post-SLS), -2 (2-days post-SLS, 1-day post-Delta-5), -3, -7, and − 28. Results Relative to day 1, Delta-5 oil statistically significantly decreased TEWL vs. untreated damaged sites, on days 3 (125% more reduced), -7 (74% more reduced), and − 28 (69% more reduced). Decreases in TEWL following chemical damage indicates improved skin barrier repair and healing. Similar patterns were quantified for skin impedance. There was also reduced redness observed on days 3 and − 7 with Delta-5 oil vs. untreated SLS-damaged skin. Conclusions Delta-5 oil thus has anti-inflammatory potential in human skin, under controlled clinical conditions, to accelerate irritant-induced healing, and improve skin barrier function. Improvement in barrier function would benefit dermatitis, acne, eczema, and skin scarring. In normal skin, Delta-5 oil has potential to promote healthy, moisturized skin; and improve skin structure, elasticity, and firmness.

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Unbearable transepidermal water loss (TEWL) experimental variability: why?

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

Facial Skin Aging Stages in Chinese Females

Facial Skin Aging Stages in Chinese Females

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL): Environment and pollution—A systematic review

Delta-5® oil, containing the anti-inflammatory fatty acid sciadonic acid, improves skin barrier function in a skin irritation model in healthy female subjects

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