Unbraced pallet rack design in accordance with European practice–Part 2: Essential verification checks

Bernuzzi, Claudio; Gobetti, Armando; Gabbianelli, Giammaria; Simoncelli, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.tws.2014.06.014

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…To accurately reproduce the frame behaviour, the influence of warping effects must be considered in FEM modelling of mono-symmetric rack upright sections. This can be done using 7DOFs beam elements [16,17,18,19] or 3D modelling the uprights with either shell or solid elements.…”

Section: Frame Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to the transverse shear stiffness of bolted cold-formed steel storage rack upright frames with channel bracing members

Talebian

Gilbert

Baldassino

2019

Thin-Walled Structures

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Accurately determining the transverse shear stiffness of steel storage rack upright frames is essential in calculating the elastic buckling load, performing earthquake design and serviceability checks.International racking design specifications recommend different approaches to evaluate this stiffness.The Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) specification conservatively uses an analytical solution based on Timoshenko and Gere's theory while the European (EN15512) and Australian (AS4084) specifications recommend experimental testing to be conducted. Previous studies have shown that Finite Element Analyses (FEA), solely using beam elements, fail to reproduce experimental test results and may overestimate the transverse shear stiffness by a factor up to 25. This discrepancy is likely attributed to the local deformations occurring at the bolted joints. In this paper, a model to capture the transverse shear stiffness of upright frames is developed using shell elements and advanced FEA. Its accuracy is verified against published experimental test results performed on three commercially used upright frame configurations with lip-to-lip bracing pattern. The model accurately reproduces the experimental stiffness, with differences ranging from 2% to 17%. Based on the FE model, the factors contributing to the transverse shear deformation of the frames are quantified and discussed for both lip-to-lip and back-to-back bracing patterns. For lip-to-lip upright frames, results show that the local deformations at the end of bracing members contributes the most to the shear deformation of the frames. For back-to-back upright frames, bolt bending and axial deformation of braces contribute the most to the shear deformation of the frames. Results from this paper would assist the racking industry in improving their products by focusing on the factors influencing the most the behavior of the frames.

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Section: Frame Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to the transverse shear stiffness of bolted cold-formed steel storage rack upright frames with channel bracing members

Talebian

Gilbert

Baldassino

2019

Thin-Walled Structures

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“…They conducted analyses with the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the Femap/NEi Nastran system with the use of beam elements that are particularly useful in pallet design. Most published studies focus on pallet racks and on pallets for storing products in racks (on rack shelves) (BerNuzzi et al 2015a(BerNuzzi et al , 2015b(BerNuzzi et al , shah et al 2016. Unlike pallets, racks have post footings attached to the warehouse floor, and adjacent racks and pallet rack series are often connected by bracings, whereas post pallets are placed on the warehouse floor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical equilibrium analysis of a stack of steel post pallets

Pelc¹

2018

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A method for analyzing the equilibrium of a stack of loaded post pallets is presented. The finite element method was used to investigate the behavior of the bottom pallet in the stack during the addition of successive pallets. The stack was regarded as a self-stable multi-storey structure without bracings which is subjected to the weight of loaded pallets, horizontal forces resulting from sway and bow imperfections, and the impact of a forklift truck. The definite quadratic form of the tangent stiffness matrix after every increment in load was determined by nonlinear analysis to indicate the loss of post stability. An analysis of the stacking process of the evaluated pallets did not reveal a buckling trend in the posts of the bottommost pallet and demonstrated that the loss of equilibrium can lead to the collapse of the entire stack when a critical number of pallets is reached.

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“…To date attention has mainly been paid to uprights [9,10] as well as to the use of simplified approaches for the structural analysis of selective pallet racks [11]. This paper deals with pallet beam design: reference is made to lipped channel and zed members, focusing on the design criteria associated with serviceability and ultimate limit states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%