Uncertainties in the determination of global sub-micron marine organic matter emissions

Albert, Monique; Schaap, Martijn; Manders, Astrid; Scannell, Claire; O’Dowd, Colin; Leeuw, G. de

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.009

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Phytoplankton blooms lead to increased levels of organic material (OM), both dissolved and particulate (Ducklow et al, 1995), with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations often greater than 80 µM under bloom conditions (Hansell et al, 2009). Different studies have linked the total submicron organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol to chla levels observed by satellite (Albert et al, 2012;O'Dowd et al, 2008;Rinaldi et al, 2013;Vignati et al, 2010); other studies have shown that the organic mass fraction was correlated with dimethylsulfide (DMS) (Bates et al, 2012) or heterotrophic bacteria abundance instead. Hultin et al (2010) measured seawater at depths of 2 m during an ocean cruise west of Ireland and did not observe a correlation between chla and sea spray production, instead finding a relationship with dissolved oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The effect of ocean acidification and changing water conditions on primary (and secondary) marine aerosol emissions is not well understood on a regional or a global scale. To investigate this effect as well as the indirect effect on aerosol that changing biogeochemical parameters can have, ∼ 52 m 3 pelagic mesocosms were deployed for several weeks in the Mediterranean Sea during both winter pre-bloom and summer oligotrophic conditions and were subjected to various levels of CO 2 to simulate the conditions foreseen in this region for the coming decades. After seawater sampling, primary bubble-bursting aerosol experiments were performed using a plunging water jet system to test both chemical and physical aerosol parameters (10-400 nm). Comparing results obtained during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions, we find the same four lognormal modal diameters (18.5± 0.6, 37.5± 1.4, 91.5± 2.0, 260± 3.2 nm) describing the aerosol size distribution during both campaigns, yet pre-bloom conditions significantly increased the number fraction of the second (Aitken) mode, with an amplitude correlated to virus-like particles, heterotrophic prokaryotes, TEPs (transparent exopolymeric particles), chlorophyll a and other pigments. Organic fractions determined from kappa closure calculations for the diameter, D p ∼ 50 nm, were much larger during the pre-bloom period (64 %) than during the oligotrophic period (38 %), and the organic fraction decreased as the particle size increased. Combining data from both campaigns together, strong positive correlations were found between the organic fraction of the aerosol and chlorophyll a concentrations, heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria abundance, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. As a consequence of the changes in the organic fraction and the size distributions between pre-bloom and oligotrophic periods, we find that the ratio of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) to condensation nuclei (CN) slightly decreased during the pre-bloom period. The enrichment of the seawater samples with microlayer samples did not have any effect on the size distribution, organic content or the CCN activity of the generated primary aerosol.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Partial pressure of CO 2 , pCO 2 , perturbations had little effect on the physical or chemical parameters of the aerosol emissions, with larger effects observed due to the differences between a pre-bloom and oligotrophic environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study

et al. 2015

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“…While the correlation coefficient was significant, it was still quite low (r ¼ 0.3). A sensitivity study shows the effect of the formulation of this parameterisation and various modifications thereof (Albert et al 2012). Rinaldi et al (2013) reassessed the relationship between OM enrichment and chlorophyll a using analysis chlorophyll a data from the ESA Data Users Element (DUE) project GLOBCOLOUR (http://www.globcolour.info/).…”

Section: Global Distribution Of Organic Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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“…It is important to note that in situ measurements of ambient marine aerosol include both primary and secondary aerosol formation, while marine aerosol source functions focus solely on PMA formation. Modelling studies have included marine aerosol organic fraction parameterizations to estimate aerosol emission fluxes (Albert et al, 2012;Vignati et al, 2010) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations (Westervelt et al, 2012). Other studies have observed correlations between the aerosol organic fraction and heterotrophic bacteria abundance Schwier et al, 2015), transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) abundance or dimethyl-sulfide concentrations (Bates et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. While primary marine aerosol (PMA) is an important part of global aerosol total emissions, its chemical composition and physical flux as a function of the biogeochemical properties of the seawater still remain highly uncharacterized due to the multiplicity of physical, chemical and biological parameters that are involved in the emission process. Here, two nutrient-enriched mesocosms and one control mesocosm, both filled with Mediterranean seawater, were studied over a 3-week period. PMA generated from the mesocosm waters were characterized in term of chemical composition, size distribution and size-segregated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), as a function of the seawater chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, pigment composition, virus and bacteria abundances. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. The aerosol number size distribution flux was primarily affected by the seawater temperature and did not vary significantly from one mesocosm to the other. Particle number and CCN aerosol fluxes increase by a factor of 2 when the temperature increases from 22 to 32 • C, for all particle submicron sizes. This effect, rarely observed in previous studies, could be specific to oligotrophic waters and/or to this temperature range. In all mesocosms (enriched and control mesocosms), we detected an enrichment of calcium (+500 %) and a deficit in chloride (−36 %) in the submicron PMA mass compared to the literature inorganic composition of the seawater. There are indications that the chloride deficit and calcium enrichment are linked to biological processes, as they are found to be stronger in the enriched mesocosms. This implies a non-linear transfer function between the seawater composition and PMA composition, with comPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. plex processes taking place at the interface during the bubble bursting. We found that the artificial phytoplankton bloom did not affect the CCN activation diameter (D p,50,average = 59.85 ± 3.52 nm and D p,50,average = 93.42 ± 5.14 nm for supersaturations of 0.30 and 0.15 % respectively) or the organic fraction of the submicron PMA (average organic to total mass = 0.31 ± 0.07) compared to the control mesocosm. Contrary to previous observations in natural bloom mesocosm experiments, the correlation between the particle organic fraction and the seawater Chl a was poor, indicating that Chl a is likely not a straightforward proxy for predicting, on a daily scale, PMA organic fraction in models for all types of sea and ocean waters. Instead, the organic fraction of the Aitken mode particles were more significantly linked to heterotrophic flagellates, viruses and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We stress that different conclusions may be obtained in natural (non-enriched) or non-oligotrophic systems.

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Uncertainties in the determination of global sub-micron marine organic matter emissions

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

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Uncertainties in the determination of global sub-micron marine organic matter emissions

Cited by 24 publications

References 44 publications

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; from a mesocosm study

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; from a mesocosm study

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea

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Product

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Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study

Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: correlations to seawater chlorophyll <i>a</i> from a mesocosm study