Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of properties of phase change micro/nanoparticles for thermal protection during cryosurgery

Abstract

Based on our previous study which tested the feasibility of protecting the healthy tissue around the cancerous tissue during cryosurgery by microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) with large latent heat and low thermal conductivity, uncertainties and sensitivities for thermal protection efficiency caused by the deviations of the PCM properties' values, the PCMs concentration and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain were further investigated in this study. The preliminary results showed that the radius of the micro/nano PCM particle, the upper and lower phase transition temperatures of the PCM and the distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain should be accurately measured before performing thermal protection by PCMs during cryosurgery. Less than 20 % deviations of the heat capacities of solid and liquid PCM almost had no obvious influence on the thermal protection efficiency. The results obtained in this study will further help us to optimize the protection protocol by PCMs before performing cryosurgery. List of symbolsHeat capacity of unfrozen tissue (J m −3 K −1 ) C 1sHeat capacity of frozen tissue (J m −3 K −1 ) C 2lHeat capacity of liquid PCM ( C 2sHeat capacity of solid PCM (J m −3 K −1 ) C bHeat capacity of the blood (J m −3 K −1 ) h f Apparent heat convection coefficient between the skin surface and the environment (W mThermal conductivity of unfrozen tissueThermal conductivity of frozen tissueThermal conductivity of liquid PCM (W m −1 K −1 ) K 2sThermal conductivity of solid PCM (W m −1 K −1 ) L Distance between the PCMs domain and the tumor domain (m) n Concentration of the micro/nano PCM particles in tissue (m −3 ) Q m Metabolic heat generation (W m −3 ) Q m Effective metabolic heat generation (W m −3 ) Q PCM Latent heat of PCM (J m −3 ) Q t Latent heat of normal tissue (J m −3 ) rRadius of the micro/nano PCM particle (m) T Tissue temperature (K) T 1l

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