Uncommon <i>BRAF</i> mutations in the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma: New insights

Rossi, Esther Diana; Martini, Maurizio; Bizzarro, Tommaso; Capodimonti, Sara; Cenci, Tonia; Lombardi, Celestino Pio; Pontecorvi, Alfredo; Fadda, Guido; Larocca, Luigi Maria

doi:10.1002/cncy.21586

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…10 In fact, although the histological detection of I-FVPTCs does not pose any problem in diagnosing them as carcinoma, there are some controversies with regard to the presence of encapsulated FVPTCs (NIFTPs), for which the diagnosis relies only on the nuclear features of PTC. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]32,33 In these last months, other authors such as Ganly et al and Thompson also have demonstrated evidence that the majority of, if not all, the encapsulated FVPTCs (NIFTPs) do not have any recurrence and metastases after a follow-up of years and/or decades. 9,34 It is clear that encapsulated FVPTC is an indisputably overdiagnosed entity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young investigator challenge: The morphologic analysis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on liquid‐based cytology: Some insights into their identification

Bizzarro

Martini

Capodimonti

et al. 2016

Cancer Cytopathology

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147

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KEY WORDS: Liquid-based cytology; noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer; noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features; thyroid carcinoma; thyroid lesions. INTRODUCTIONOver the last decades, the exact nature of thyroid lesions diagnosed as follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) has been debated. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Specifically, FVPTCs appear to represent a heterogeneous group of carcinomas and a controversial entity including both encapsulated/noninvasive (NI-FVPTCs) and invasive FVPTCs Based on their multi-institutional histological series, the Endocrine International Working Group recommended the reclassification of these NI-FVPTCs as "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillarylike nuclear features" (NIFTP). This entity was defined by a set of morphological features including nuclear membrane irregularities, ground glass appearance of the nuclei, and larger nuclear size within a context of encapsulated follicular tumor. 10 Conversely, apart from the histological approach and definition of these NIFTPs, its cytological diagnosis is still under evaluation in that this new terminology might significantly affect both the diagnosis of thyroid lesions and the categories of the different cytological classification systems. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For these reasons, and because none of the classification systems, including The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC), accounts for the allocation of NIFTPs, it is crucial to establish in which cytological categories NIFTPs should be diagnosed. 19-23Therefore, a growing number of studies currently are investigating whether these lesions can be identified by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and more specifically their impact on the ROM in the different diagnostic categories. Nevertheless, currently, the majority of FVPTCs are frequently diagnosed in the cytological categories of follicular neoplasm (FN) or suspicious for malignancy (SM) due to the absence of the undoubtedly nuclear features of PTCs, which may support a conclusive malignant diagnosis. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For this reason, some authors have analyzed their cytological cases for specific features able to identify the correct cytological categories for NIFTPs. Despite the small number of published series regarding NIFTPs to date, the preliminary results have demonstrated that the presence of nuclear pseudoinclusions and papillary structures are typical features of PTCs whereas a predominantly follicular pattern may be linked to NIFTPs, even if all these authors have not found any differentiation between NIFTPs and I-FVPTCs on FNA. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine and compare the morphological features in a series of cytohistological cases processed with liquid-based cytology (LBC) and diagnosed as either NIFTPs or I-FVPTCs. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first and largest series on LBC cytology published to date in which all the architectura...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young investigator challenge: The morphologic analysis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on liquid‐based cytology: Some insights into their identification

Bizzarro

Martini

Capodimonti

et al. 2016

Cancer Cytopathology

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147

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“…In the field of ICC, several authors* have confirmed that Hector Battifora mesothelial 1 (HBME-1) and galectin-3 show the highest specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing malignant lesions on LBC samples, although neither of these markers is so highly accurate to be recognized as the specific marker of malignancy. However, other authors [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] have emphasized the limitations and flaws of ICC (eg, low specificity), and have focused on the role of molecular testing as an additional aid to properly classify thyroid indeterminate nodules.…”

Section: Thyroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, some of these alterations arise early in the tumorigenic process. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39] For instance, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, may carry v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), Ret proto-oncogene in PTC (RET/PTC), or rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) mutations. 33,34 A large number of prospective and retrospective studies have demonstrated the diagnostic role of somatic mutations and showed the high specificity of some of them (ie, BRAF mutations) as markers of cancer.…”

Section: Thyroidmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Obtain More With Less: Cytologic Samples With Ancillary Molecular Techniques—The Useful Role of Liquid-Based Cytology

Martini¹,

Capodimonti²,

Cenci³

et al. 2018

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…For this latter marker, intense positivity of more than 80%‐90% of follicular cells is a rule out immunostaining for malignancy . More recent studies on the immunocytochemical detection of the protein associated with the BRAF V600E mutation using the antibody VE‐1 on FNACs specimen of the papillary thyroid carcinomas processed by LBC (Figure D) or cell blocks show a good correlation with the molecular testing results.…”

Section: Immunocytochemistry (Icc)mentioning

confidence: 86%

Management of thyroid cytological material, preanalytical procedures and bio‐banking

et al. 2018

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Thyroid nodules are common and are increasingly detected due to recent advances in imaging techniques. However, clinically relevant thyroid cancer is rare and the mortality from aggressive thyroid cancer remains constant. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a standard method for diagnosing thyroid malignancy and the discrimination of malignant nodules from goitre. As the examined nodules on thyroid FNAC are often small incidental findings, it is important to maintain a low rate of undetermined diagnoses requiring further clinical work up or surgery. The most important factors determining the accuracy of the cytological diagnosis and suitability for biobanking of thyroid FNACs are the quality of the sample and availability of adequate tissue for auxiliary studies. This article discusses technical aspects (preanalytics) of performing thyroid FNAC, including image guidance and rapid on-site evaluation, sample collection methods (conventional slides, liquid-based methods, cell blocks) and storage (bio-banking). The spectrum of special studies (immunocytochemistry on direct slides or liquid-based cytology, immunohistochemistry on cell blocks and molecular methods) required for improving the precision of the cytological diagnosis of the thyroid nodules is also discussed.

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Uncommon BRAF mutations in the follicular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma: New insights

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Young investigator challenge: The morphologic analysis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on liquid‐based cytology: Some insights into their identification

Young investigator challenge: The morphologic analysis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features on liquid‐based cytology: Some insights into their identification

To Obtain More With Less: Cytologic Samples With Ancillary Molecular Techniques—The Useful Role of Liquid-Based Cytology

Management of thyroid cytological material, preanalytical procedures and bio‐banking

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