Background Few studies have evaluated digital cholangioscopy (DCS) assisted non-radiation endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (NR-ERCP) for choledocholithiasis. Here, we evaluated the application of DCS assisted NR-ERCP for endoscopic retrieval of common bile duct (CBD) stones.Methods Patients who underwent ERCP for choledocholithiasis and without prior ERCP were included. Data related to technical success and outcomes of DCS-assisted NR-ERCP and conventional ERCP were retrieved and compared. Procedure and technical details of DCS assisted NR-ERCP were collated and reviewed.Results In total, 304 and 53 patients who underwent conventional and DCS-assisted ERCP were recruited. Relatively larger stones (p < 0.001) was present in DCS assisted NR-ERCP. No statistical difference was present in biliary access, lithotripsy, stone removal and total complications. A higher proportion of larger balloon for EPBD (p < 0.001) and more ERCP sessions for stone clearance (p < 0.001) were present in conventional ERCP. In DCS-assisted ERCP, technical success was achieved in 52 (98.1%) patients and DCS-guided laser lithotripsy was applied in 9 (17%) patients. DCS guided laser lithotripsy was superior to mechanical lithotripsy for stone clearance (p < 0.001) in large stones. Mean length of biliary exploration and whole NR-ERCP were 8.60 ± 1.96 (6–19) and 32.96 ± 16.29 (13–82) minutes, respectively. One delayed bile-leakage, one moderate pancreatitis, two mild pancreatitis and five cases of hyperamylasemia occurred. Technical details and complications were not statistically differed between patients with a dilated and a non-dilated CBD.Conclusions DCS-based NR-ERCP is technically feasible and safe for retrieval of CBD stones. It provides an alternative to conventional ERCP for endoscopic treatment of simple choledocholithiasis.