Unconscious semantic priming extends to novel unseen stimuli

Naccache, Lionel; Dehaene, Stanislas

doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(00)00139-6

Cited by 332 publications

(373 citation statements)

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“…In addition, the present data show that the effect can be obtained when prime and target are presented in a different notation (in line with Naccache & Dehaene, 2001a;; and contrary to Koechlin et al, 1999). The pattern of results can be interpreted as evidence for the hypotheses that Arabic and verbal primes make access to a notationindependent number line on which activation spreads to nearby numbers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…This semantic distance priming effect was visualized in a reanalysis of the imaging data by Naccache and Dehaene (2001b), who reported a decrease in activation in the left and right intraparietal sulcus when prime and target were identical. Several reports have since replicated and extended these findings, and shown (1) that the RTs in congruent trials are longer when the distance between prime and target increases from one to two (Koechlin, Naccache, Block, & Dehaene, 1999;Naccache & Dehaene, 2001a;Reynvoet & Brysbaert, 1999), (2) that the distance priming effect is the same for within-notation priming (i.e., prime: Arabic digit Ð target: Arabic digit) and cross-notation priming (i.e., prime: Arabic digit Ð target: word numeral) (Naccache & Dehaene, 2001a;Reynvoet, Brysbaert, & Fias, 2002; but see Koechlin et al, 1999), and (3) that the distance priming effect shows up not only in semantic tasks such as number comparison (Dehaene et al, 1998;Koechlin et al, 1999;Naccache & Dehaene, 2001a) and parity judgment (Reynvoet & Brysbaert, 1999;Reynvoet, Caessens, & Brysbaert, 2002), but also in nonsemantic tasks such as number naming (Reynvoet & Brysbaert, 1999;. All this evidence suggests that in number processing, a notation-independent semantic representation for digits and verbal numerals is automatically activated, from which activation spreads to nearby numbers on the ordered continuum.…”

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confidence: 88%

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Cross-Notation Number Priming Investigated at Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies in Parity and Naming Tasks

Reynvoet

Brysbaert

2004

Experimental Psychology

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Abstract. In this paper, a parity judgment task and a number naming task were used to investigate cross-notational number priming. Primes and targets could be verbal (e.g., seven) or Arabic numbers (e.g., 7), and were always presented in a different notation within the same trial (either a verbal prime and an Arabic target or an Arabic prime and a verbal target). Previous experiments showed that response latencies increase when the distance between prime and target increases (for example, in a naming task, seven is pronounced faster after 6 than after 5). This semantic distance priming effect was the same for Arabic and verbal targets and was the same for within-notation trials as for cross-notation trials. In the present experiments, we wanted to investigate whether the cross-notational priming effect also occurs at SOAs shorter than the ones used in previous experiments. Therefore, we used SOAs of 43, 57, 86, and 115 ms. Semantic distance effects were indeed present at these shorter SOAs: Processing times in the semantic parity judgment task and in the non-semantic naming task increased when the distance between prime and target increased. The results are discussed and integrated within an interactive dual-route model of number processing that postulates that the impact of the semantic and the nonsemantic route depends on the task and the notation of the stimuli.Key words: number processing, priming, stimulus onset asynchrony Research with the semantic priming paradigm goes back a long way and has revealed many insights in the processing of different kinds of stimuli. In the semantic priming paradigm, two stimuli are presented shortly after each other and the processing time of the second stimulus (target) is analysed as a function of the first stimulus (prime). The paradigm was used first in the language literature in which it was found that a target word (e.g., doctor) was processed faster after a related prime word (e.g., nurse) than after an unrelated prime word (Meyer & Schvaneveldt, 1971). The semantic priming paradigm was later used with other stimuli as well, including numbers. The first authors to investigate the processing of numbers with the Bert Reynvoet is a post-doctoral researcher of the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (Belgium). The authors wish to thank Wim Fias, Glen Bodner, and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on a previous version of this paper. priming paradigm were Den Heyer and Briand (1986). In a letter-digit classification task, they showed that RTs to Arabic targets were faster when immediately before a prime with a close value (distance of 1) had been presented than when a more distant prime had been presented (distance of 2 or 4). In line with this result, Brysbaert (1995) found that naming times of digits were faster when the target was preceded by a prime of a close magnitude. Both Den Heyer and Briand(1986) andBrysbaert (1995) interpreted these results as evidence for the hypothesis that the prime makes access to an abstract ordinal number line on which activatio...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 88%

Cross-Notation Number Priming Investigated at Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies in Parity and Naming Tasks

Reynvoet

Brysbaert

2004

Experimental Psychology

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“…Similarly, Naccache and Dehaene (2001) showed that intraparietal cortex, which plays a role in the mental representation of numerical quantity (Dehaene & Cohen, 1995;Dehaene et al, 1998), is recruited during processing of masked number words. Naccache and colleagues interpreted their data as showing that an extended stream of word processing stages can be activated despite the fact that words are not consciously perceived.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subliminal display of action words interferes with motor planning: A combined EEG and kinematic study

Boulenger

Silber

Roy

et al. 2008

Journal of Physiology-Paris

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Recent evidence has shown that processing action-related language and motor action share common neural representations to a point that the two processes can interfere when performed concurrently. To support the assumption that language-induced motor activity contributes to action word understanding, the present study aimed at ruling out that this activity results from mental imagery of the movements depicted by the words. For this purpose, we examined cross-talk between action word processing and an arm reaching movement, using words that were presented too fast to be consciously perceived (subliminally). Encephalogram (EEG) and movement kinematics were recorded. EEG recordings of the "Readiness Potential" ("RP", indicator of motor preparation) revealed that subliminal displays of action verbs during movement preparation reduced the RP and affected the subsequent reaching movement. The finding that motor processes were modulated by language processes despite the fact that words were not consciously perceived, suggests that cortical structures that serve the preparation and execution of motor actions are indeed part of the (action) language processing network.

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“…Experimental paradigm and contrast selection The reader may refer to (Dehaene-Lambertz et al, 2006) for details about this fMRI experiment. In short, the motivation of this study was to measure the reduction in the neural activity subserving a cognitive representation when this representation is accessed twice (the socalled "repetition suppression" effect), resulting in a detectable adaptation of the measurable signal in fMRI (Grill-Spector and Malach, 2001;Naccache and Dehaene, 2001). The experiment consisted of a single session of N = 216 scans lasting TR = 2.4 seconds each.…”

Section: Mri Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fully Bayesian approach to the parcel-based detection-estimation of brain activity in fMRI

Idier²,

et al. 2008

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Within-subject analysis in fMRI essentially addresses two problems, i.e., the detection of activated brain regions in response to an experimental task and the estimation of the underlying dynamics, also known as the characterisation of Hemodynamic response function (HRF). So far, both issues have been treated sequentially while it is known that the HRF model has a dramatic impact on the localisation of activations and that the HRF shape may vary from one region to another. In this paper, we conciliate both issues in a region-based joint detection-estimation framework that we develop in the Bayesian formalism. Instead of considering function basis to account for spatial variability, spatially adaptive General Linear Models are built upon region-based non-parametric estimation of brain dynamics. Regions are first identified as functionally homogeneous parcels in the mask of the grey matter using a specific procedure [Thirion, B., Flandin, G., Pinel, P., Roche, A., Ciuciu, P., Poline, J.-B., August 2006. Dealing with the shortcomings of spatial normalization: Multi-subject parcellation of fMRI datasets. Hum. Brain Mapp. 27 (8), 678-693.]. Then, in each parcel, prior information is embedded to constrain this estimation. Detection is achieved by modelling activating, deactivating and nonactivating voxels through mixture models within each parcel. From the posterior distribution, we infer upon the model parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. Bayesian model comparison allows us to emphasize on artificial datasets first that inhomogeneous gamma-Gaussian mixture models outperform Gaussian mixtures in terms of sensitivity/specificity trade-off and second that it is worthwhile modelling serial correlation through an AR(1) noise process at low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Our approach is then validated on an fMRI experiment that studies habituation to auditory sentence repetition. This phenomenon is clearly recovered as well as the hierarchical temporal organisation of the superior temporal sulcus, which is directly derived from the parcel-based HRF estimates. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Keywords: Bayesian modelling; fMRI; Gamma-Gaussian mixture model; Detection-estimation; Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods; Bayes factor; Model comparison IntroductionSince the first report of the BOLD effect in human (Ogawa et al., 1990), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has represented a powerful tool to non-invasively study the relation between cognitive stimulus and the hemodynamic (BOLD) response. Within-subject analysis in fMRI is usually addressed using a hypothesis-driven approach that actually postulates a model for the HRF and enable voxelwise inference in the General Linear Model (GLM) framework. In this formulation, the modelling of the BOLD response i.e., the definition of the design matrix is crucial. In its simplest form, this matrix relies on a spatially invariant temporal model of the BOLD signal across the brain meaning that the expected response to each stimulus is modelled by ...

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Unconscious semantic priming extends to novel unseen stimuli

Cited by 332 publications

References 19 publications

Cross-Notation Number Priming Investigated at Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies in Parity and Naming Tasks

Cross-Notation Number Priming Investigated at Different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies in Parity and Naming Tasks

Subliminal display of action words interferes with motor planning: A combined EEG and kinematic study

A fully Bayesian approach to the parcel-based detection-estimation of brain activity in fMRI

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