Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based cohort study

Xu, Weili; Strauss, Esther; Qiu, Chengxuan; Winblad, Bengt; Fratiglioni, Laura

doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1323-x

Cited by 232 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although this increased incidence was quite consistent across the studies included in our review, it should be noted that more recent studies did not find a significant relation between diabetes and dementia [43], or only observed significant relations in subgroups of patients, for example in patients with undiagnosed diabetes [44], or in those patients that did not have an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele [45]. The majority of available studies subdivided dementia cases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) or vascular dementia (VaD), based on clinical diagnostic criteria.…”

Section: T2dm and Dementiasupporting

confidence: 83%

Caffeine, Diabetes, Cognition, and Dementia

Biessels

2010

JAD

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Abstract. People with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. This review explores the relation between caffeine intake, diabetes, cognition and dementia, focusing on type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Epidemiological studies on caffeine/coffee intake and T2DM risk are reviewed. Next, the impact of T2DM on cognition is addressed. Finally, the potential for caffeine to modulate the risk of cognitive decline in the context of diabetes is explored. The conclusion is that, although epidemiological studies indicate that coffee/caffeine consumption is associated with a decreased risk of T2DM and possibly also with a decreased dementia risk, we can at present not be certain that these associations are causal. For now, recommendations for coffee consumption in individuals with T2DM or pre-diabetic stages are therefore difficult to establish, but it should be acknowledged that caffeine does appear to have several properties that warrant further investigations in this field.

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Section: T2dm and Dementiasupporting

confidence: 83%

Caffeine, Diabetes, Cognition, and Dementia

Biessels

2010

JAD

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“…Most recently, Wang and colleagues, in a population-based study in Taiwan, described a 50% increase in risk of developing AD for individuals with a history of DM, in all sexes and ages, particularly in older diabetic women [43]. Among diabetic individuals, the risk of developing AD seemed to be higher in the presence of APOE ε4 allele [44] and uncontrolled DM [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Tortelli

Lozupone

Guerra

et al. 2017

JAD

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Abstract. Among metabolic syndrome components, the effects of higher plasma glucose levels on cognitive decline (CD) have been considered in few studies. We evaluated the associations among midlife glycemia, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, midlife insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMAindex)], and CD in the older subjects of the population-based MICOL Study (Castellana Grotte, Italy) at baseline (M1) and at follow-ups seven (M2) and twenty years later (M3). At M1, a dementia risk score and a composite cardiovascular risk score for dementia were calculated. For 797 subjects out of 833, we obtained a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at M3, subdividing these subjects in three cognitive functioning subgroups: normal cognition, mild CD, and moderate-severe CD. Mean fasting glycemia at baseline was significantly higher in moderate-severe CD subgroup (114.6 ± 71.4 mg/dl) than in the normal cognition subgroup (101.2 ± 20.6). Adjusting for gender, age, and other metabolic components, higher fasting glycemia values both at M1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.59] and M2 (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.01-1.57) were associated with an increased risk of moderate-severe CD. Mean HOMA index value was significantly higher in the moderate-severe CD subgroup (5.7 ± 9.4) compared to the normal cognition subgroup (2.9 ± 1.4) at M1. The dementia risk probability (MMSE < 24) increased moving through higher categories of the dementia risk score and decreased as long as the cardiovascular score increased. The present findings highlighted the indication to control blood glucose levels, regardless of a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, as early as midlife for prevention of late-life dementia.

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“…Moreover, borderline conditions, prediabetes or impaired glucose tolerance are also related to an increased risk of AD and other dementias in very old people 75 . This relationship may be partly explained by diabetic comorbidities such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia [76][77][78] . A relationship was also found between a higher prevalence of AD in an elderly population in Finland 79 , although an analytical study of a multiethnic cohort of the elderly in the USA found no association between the metabolic syndrome and either the prevalence or incidence of AD, despite the fact that two components of the syndrome, i.e.…”

Section: Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological of and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review

Povová

Ambrož²,

Bar³

et al. 2012

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

112

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Background. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is a degenerative, incurable and terminal disease. The increasing prevalence of AD is, among other reasons, due to population aging, which is, to a certain extent, seen worldwide. Continuous advances in health care keep increasing life expectancy. Official statistics are likely to significantly underestimate the actual prevalence of AD. Alzheimer's disease represents an important public health problem. Its aetiology is still unknown and for this reason, it is necessary to study all potential risk factors which may contribute to the development of this disease. Methods. We searched original and review articles addressing Alzheimer´s disease using key words Alzheimer's disease, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention. We found and used one hundred and four references. Conclusions. Based on epidemiological studies, genetic studies, neuroimaging methods and neuropathology research, three basic etiological hypotheses of the development of AD have been formulated: genetic, vascular and psychosocial. At present, the level of evidence is insufficient for the etiological role of other factors, such as nutrition, occupational exposure to various substances and inflammation. From the point of view of early diagnosis and application of primary or secondary prevention principles, genetic factors are the most important.

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Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based cohort study

Cited by 232 publications

References 48 publications

Caffeine, Diabetes, Cognition, and Dementia

Caffeine, Diabetes, Cognition, and Dementia

Midlife Metabolic Profile and the Risk of Late-Life Cognitive Decline

Epidemiological of and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A review

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