Unconventional Oil Accumulations in the Upper Jurassic Bazhenov Black Shale Formation, West Siberian Basin: A Self‐sourced Reservoir System

Лопатин, Н.В.; Zubairaev, S. L.; Kos, Ivan; Emets, T.P.; Romanov, Elena; Malchikhina, O. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2003.tb00027.x

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Clay minerals, especially illite (Schettler and 27 Parmely, 1991), have also been documented as possessing micropore structures capable of sorbing gas 28 (Gasparik et al, 2012). In addition to sorption on particle surfaces, petroleum storage in the pores of either 29 organic (Loucks et al, 2009) or inorganic (Han et al, 2015) origin have been documented, as well as natural 30 fractures (Lopatin et al, 2003;Pollastro, 2010). 31 Organic pore development is believed to be largely due to the thermal cracking of kerogen (Jarvie et al,32 2007; Loucks et al, 2009) and/or bitumen (Bernard et al, 2012b), though primary organic pores have been 33 observed within immature organic matter as well (Löhr et al, 2015;Pommer and Milliken, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales

et al. 2017

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confidence: 99%

Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales

et al. 2017

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“…Production to date is only from faulted zones, but there is potentially a very large resource. In one 40 000 km 2 area, the in-place resource is 8 Gb, of which 1.7 Gb could ultimately be recovered [18], but the total area of thermally mature Bazhenov Formation is close to 10 6 km 2 , and a recent Lukoil report indicates a recoverable resource of 80-160 Gb. Lukoil is said to be producing about 2000 b d −1 in initial experimental production.…”

Section: (Iii) Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The future of oil: unconventional fossil fuels

Chew¹

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Unconventional fossil hydrocarbons fall into two categories: resource plays and conversion-sourced hydrocarbons. Resource plays involve the production of accumulations of solid, liquid or gaseous hydro-carbons that have been generated over geological time from organic matter in source rocks. The character of these hydrocarbons may have been modified subsequently, especially in the case of solids and extra-heavy liquids. These unconventional hydrocarbons therefore comprise accumulations of hydrocarbons that are trapped in an unconventional manner and/or whose economic exploitation requires complex and technically advanced production methods. This review focuses primarily on unconventional liquid hydro-carbons. The future potential of unconventional gas, especially shale gas, is also discussed, as it is revolutionizing the energy outlook in North America and elsewhere.

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“…A number of previous publications discussed the cross plot of Rock-Eval S1 against TOC (Lopatin et al, 2003;Jarvie 2012;Abrams, 2014;Raji et.al., 2015 in press). The relationship of S1 with TOC is more revealing (Figure 6), where the majority of Ͼ2%TOC samples (89.5%) fall below the cross-over line of Generation Index ϭ 100 (Jarvie, 2012) and are hence less likely to give high unconventional oil yields on fracking.…”

Section: Figure 4 -Maturity Trends For Toc (Wt%) Plus Rock-eval S1 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis, Porosity and Productivity in Unconventional Mudstone Reservoirs: Free and Adsorbed Oil

Raji¹,

Gröcke²,

Greenwell³

et al. 2015

Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

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Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis of unconventional mudstone reservoirs use the S1 peak (kg free liquid per tonne of rock) to determine the volume of oil that can be potentially produced by hydraulic fracking. The data presented in this paper were obtained from a study of the unconventional oil potential of the marine late Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the southern Viking Graben area of the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea. Typical marine silty mudstones with Ͼ2%TOC contains Ͻ1kg/t (0.1wt. %) of free oil when immature at depths Ͻ2.5km and Tmax Ͻ420°C. The peak saturation of free oil rises to values of 12kg/t, with a typical peak average of ϳ6kg free oil/tonne of rock (0.6wt.%). Such average values are reached when mature at depths of 3.4km and Tmax values of 435°C in the North Sea. Converting Rock-Eval S1 yields to volume percent, the average mature mudstone contains about 1.8vol% of free oil. How does this compare with the accessible porosity of the mudstone?Conventional log analysis for porosity measures everything that is not mineral grains as pore space, but fluid injection methods (mercury, helium) measure the effective porosity, a more realistic measure of open pores that are available to petroleum. In the case of log-derived porosities, closed porosity and structured (fixed) water are counted, but appear not to be open to Rock-Eval free oil (S1) and hence for 'saturation'. Comparing typical peak S1 volumes (1.8 vol. %) against mudstones porosities (1.62 vol. %), suggests, within error, that the open porosity is fully saturated with oil at peak maturity. In addition the distributions of porosity and S1 yields are similar.However, if the S1 yield at peak maturity is totally a function of porosity; the S1 yield should be independent of the amount or type of kerogen. This is not so. Plotting S1 yield against TOC shows a strong positive correlation, with a gradient of 0.7kg/t per 1%TOC and an intercept of about 1%TOC. This gradient indicates that the S1 'oil' is partitioned between the kerogen and the porosity. Given the size of the molecules relative to the micro-porosity of the largely amorphous kerogen, the oil is likely to be absorbed onto the kerogen surface. This explains the asymmetry (or shoulders) seen on the pyrograms of S1 peaks, the main peak representing easily liberated liquids in open porosity and the shoulder the more strongly adsorbed liquids. The additional adsorbed liquid is more efficiently recovered and can be quantified by solvent extraction of the mudstones, where saturates ϩ aromatics are shown to be over twice the Rock-Eval S1 yield. Thus, like Unconventional gas, this evidence suggests that Unconventional liquids too may derive from 'free' and 'adsorbed' oil, and that both are mainly stored within organic (kerogen) porosity.

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Unconventional Oil Accumulations in the Upper Jurassic Bazhenov Black Shale Formation, West Siberian Basin: A Self‐sourced Reservoir System

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales

Oil retention and porosity evolution in organic-rich shales

The future of oil: unconventional fossil fuels

Pyrolysis, Porosity and Productivity in Unconventional Mudstone Reservoirs: Free and Adsorbed Oil

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