Uncorrected refractive error and education

Rahi, Jugnoo S; Solebo, Ameenat Lola; Cumberland, Phillippa

doi:10.1136/bmj.g5991

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similarly, another study also corresponds to the findings by concluding significant relations between the quality of academic performance and the presence of visual impairments (31). Another Chinese study about the effects of free glasses provision on the outcome of education concluded a statistically significant impact on academic performance which also favors the findings of this study (32).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore

Latif

Hussain

Afzal

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionThe process of learning begins in childhood and accurate vision can greatly affects a child's learning capacity. It is documented that visual impairment in children can have a significant impact on their performance at school as well as their social interaction and development.ObjectiveThis research aimed to study the impact of refractive corrections on the academic performance of high school children in Lahore.MethodologyA total of 2,000 students with equal distribution of gender, public, private school, and locality were included in the study. All students were screened for defective vision. The academic performance before and after corrections was recorded on the prescribed proforma.ResultsThe prevalence of refractive error was high among the public high schools 244 (59.2%) as compared to the private schools 168 (40.8%). The area-based prevalence was higher among the students in urban settings 255 (62%) while in rural it was 157 (38%). It was found that in the public sector, the average score of academic results before the intervention was 56.39 ± 13.24 which was increased to 60.27 ± 14.94 after the intervention while in the private sector, before the intervention, the average score was 63.53 ± 17.50 which was improved to 67.12 ± 18.48. It was found to be statistically significant at p-value < 0.05.ConclusionA significant impact was observed in the average academic scores of the results after refractive corrections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore

Latif

Hussain

Afzal

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Low-degree REs can be corrected optically with a low risk of ocular complications but high REs (e.g. hypermetropia, myopia, astigmatism) can often develop into irreversible severe visual impairment, resulting in lifelong reduced quality of life [3,4]. A rapid increase in the prevalence of RE has been seen over the past decades [1], indicating that non-genetic risk factors may play an important role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Liu

et al. 2021

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis We aimed to investigate the associations between maternal diabetes before or during pregnancy and the risk of high refractive error (RE) in offspring until the age of 25 years. Methods This nationwide register-based cohort study comprised 2,470,580 individuals born in 1977-2016. The exposure was maternal diabetes during or before pregnancy (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes). Cox regression was used to examine the association between maternal diabetes and the risk of high RE in offspring from birth until the age of 25 years, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Results During up to 25 years of follow-up, 553 offspring of mothers with diabetes and 19,695 offspring of mothers without diabetes were diagnosed with high RE. Prenatal exposure to maternal diabetes was associated with a 39% increased risk of high RE: HR 1.39 (95% CI 1.28, 1.51), p < 0.001; standardised cumulative incidence in unexposed offspring at 25 years of age 1.18% (95% CI 1.16%, 1.19%); cumulative incidence difference 0.72% (95% CI 0.51%, 0.94%). The elevated risks were observed for hypermetropia (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.24, 1.51], p < 0.001), myopia (HR 1.34 [95% CI 1.08, 1.66], p = 0.007) and astigmatism (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.29, 1.92], p < 0.001). The increased risks were more pronounced among offspring of mothers with diabetic complications (HR 2.05 [95% CI 1.60, 2.64], p < 0.001), compared with those of mothers with diabetes but no diabetic complications (HR 1.18 [95% CI 1.02, 1.37], p = 0.030). Conclusions/interpretation Our findings suggest that maternal diabetes during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of high RE in offspring, in particular among those of mothers with diabetic complications. Early ophthalmological screening should be recommended in offspring of mothers with diabetes diagnosed before or during pregnancy.

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“…(19) This is the age group that carries the burden of RE and VI for a longtime as compared to older age groups and they are affected socially and economically. (20) As highlighted earlier, out of 19 million visually impaired children globally, 90% are residing within the developing countries. ( 21) Sub-Saharan Africa was selected for this review because it consists of the majority of developing countries globally.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Refractive Error and or Visual Impairment and Their Impact on Quality of Life Among School-age Children in Sub-saharan Africa; A Protocol of a Systematic Review

Magakwe

Xulu-Kasaba

Hansraj

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundRefractive error (RE) is a leading cause of visual impairment (VI) in children, the most common cause of childhood handicaps, and the second leading cause of childhood blindness globally. Refractive error and/or VI limits the ability of a child to perform well at school, in most sporting activities which require good vision, and negatively affects the socio-economical security of an individual. These two conditions have also reported to impact quality of life (QoL). The epidemiological evidence about the prevalence and distribution of RE and VI, as well their impact on the QoL of school-going children in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), will assist policymakers and stakeholders involved in child eye care in channelling resources appropriately. The main objective of this scoping review study therefore is to map available evidence on RE and or VI and their impact on QoL of school-going children in SSA. Methods This systematic review study will follow the five steps outlined in a framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). The literature search will be conducted using the following databases, EBSCOhost: CINAHL, Academic search complete, Health-Consumer and Health-Nursing, Google Scholar, Science direct and PubMed. The period of the literature will be from January 1998 to 31 December 2020, all suitable studies will be exported to a Mendeley library and in cases of outstanding articles the authors will be contacted directly. The title screening will be done by the principal investigator (PI), then the study will employ two independent reviewers which will have access to the Mendeley library to do abstract screening (AS) and a full article screening (FAS). Following FAS, data extraction will be done by PI. The quality index of all included studies will be determined using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Discussion The evidence of this scoping review will guide policy makers and all stakeholders in planning intervention strategies to address this global issue. Furthermore, the results of this review will be published in a peer reviewed journal and will be used to guide future research in this and related areas. Systemic review registration: Submitted (PROSPERO) 27/04/2021

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Uncorrected refractive error and education

Abstract: A global problem requiring more research measuring outcomes that matter to children and their parents

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore

Impact of Refractive Errors on the Academic Performance of High School Children of Lahore

Association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with high refractive error in offspring: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Refractive Error and or Visual Impairment and Their Impact on Quality of Life Among School-age Children in Sub-saharan Africa; A Protocol of a Systematic Review

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