Uncorrected refractive errors

Naidoo, Kovin; Jaggernath, Jyoti

doi:10.4103/0301-4738.100543

Cited by 107 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The value of social entrepreneurial models has been described in other low-income settings and can result in the expansion of services and poverty reduction. 28 Such strategies that seek to mobilize optometrists through an ownership program with affordability restrictions on pricing should be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Use of Refractive Services in Mozambique

Thompson¹,

Naidoo

Gonzalez-Alvarez³

et al. 2015

Optometry and Vision Science

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PurposeUncorrected refractive error remains a leading cause of visual impairment (VI) across the globe with Mozambique being no exception. The establishment of an optometry profession in Mozambique that is integrated into the public health system denotes significant progress with refractive services becoming available to the population. As the foundations of a comprehensive refractive service have now been established, this article seeks to understand what barriers may limit their uptake by the general population and inform decision making on improved service delivery.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study using two-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Participants with VI were asked to identify barriers that were reflective of their experiences and perceptions of accessing refractive services. A total of 4601 participants were enumerated from 76 clusters in Nampula, Mozambique.ResultsA total of 1087 visually impaired participants were identified (884 with near and 203 with distance impairment). Cost was the most frequently cited barrier, identified by more than one in every two participants (53%). Other barriers identified included lack of felt need (20%), distance to travel (15%), and lack of awareness (13%). In general, no significant influence of sex or type of VI on barrier selection was found. Location had a significant impact on the selection of several barriers. Pearson χ2 analysis indicated that participants from rural areas were found to feel disadvantaged regarding the distance to services (p ≤ 0.001) and adequacy of hospital services (p = 0.001).ConclusionsFor a comprehensive public sector refractive service to be successful in Mozambique, those planning its implementation must consider cost and affordability. A clear strategy for overcoming lack of felt need will also be needed, possibly in the form of improved advocacy and health promotion. The delivery of refractive services in more remote rural areas merits careful and comprehensive consideration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Use of Refractive Services in Mozambique

Thompson¹,

Naidoo

Gonzalez-Alvarez³

et al. 2015

Optometry and Vision Science

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“…Los resultados reportados con este protocolo arrojan datos confiables y precisos aceptados por la Academia Americana de Oftalmología, lo cual proporciona validez a los estudios publicados en diferentes países como Sudáfrica, China, India, Chile y Arabia Saudita (44). En los países en desarrollo el acceso a profesionales de la salud visual es limitado (46), por lo que la ejecución de este Si se pierde la línea superior a 4 m, el niño avanzará a 1 m realizando el mismo proceso. La línea más baja leída con éxito se asigna como la AV para el ojo valorado.…”

Section: Refractive Error Study Children (Resc) (Examen Completo)unclassified

Analysis and applicability of protocols for the diagnosis of refractive errors in children

Algarra¹,

Rodríguez²,

Sampedro³

2018

Cienc. Tecnol. Salud Vis. Ocul.

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Currently, a large part of the world population does not have access to quality visual health services. Most of this population lives in developing countries, thus it is necessary to screen the general population to identify ocular abnormalities such as refractive errors and amblyopia in schoolchildren. The protocols for complete visual screening or examination vary widely regarding the type of tests and procedures, although most of them use visual acuity (VA) and refraction as the main diagnostic criteria. These clinical tests should have good quality and precision, that is, a high sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, in most clinical and epidemiological studies, the quality and accuracy of the tests used are unknown, which makes it difficult to compare results and to estimate the real conditions of visual problems in the population. Therefore, the objective of this literature review was to describe the main tests and protocols used in epidemiological and clinical studies for the detection of refractive errors in children.

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“…Other causes of blindness include primary retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (Senthil et al, 2017 ), congenital blindness (Greenaway and Dale, 2017 ), corneal opacity (Durkin et al, 2007 ), uncorrected refractive errors (Naidoo and Jaggernath, 2012 ), and diabetic retinopathy (Busik et al, 2017 ). The historically common retinal pigment degeneration called RP is frequently observed in people with underlying retinal degeneration (Senthil et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of a Virtual Scene via Simulated Prosthetic Vision

Zhao

Geng

et al. 2017

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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In order to effectively aid the blind with optimal low-resolution vision and visual recovery training, pathfinding and recognition tests were performed using a simulated visual prosthetic scene. Simple and complex virtual scenes were built using 3DMAX and Unity, and pixelated to three different resolutions (32 × 32, 64 × 64, and 128 × 128) for real-time pixel processing. Twenty subjects were recruited to complete the pathfinding and object recognition tasks within the scene. The recognition accuracy and time required were recorded and analyzed after the trials. In the simple simulated prosthetic vision (SPV) scene, when the resolution was increased from 32 × 32 to 48 × 48, the object recognition time decreased from 92.19 ± 6.97 to 43.05 ± 6.08 s, and the recognition accuracy increased from 51.22 ± 8.53 to 85.52 ± 4.93%. Furthermore, the number of collisions decreased from 10.00 ± 2.31 to 3.00 ± 0.68. When the resolution was increased from 48 × 48 to 64 × 64, the object recognition time further decreased from 43.05 ± 6.08 to 19.46 ± 3.71 s, the recognition accuracy increased from 85.52 ± 4.93 to 96.89 ± 2.06%, and the number of collisions decreased from 3.00 ± 0.68 to 1.00 ± 0.29. In complex scenes, the time required to recognize the room type decreased from 115.00 ± 23.02 to 68.25 ± 17.23 s, and object recognition accuracy increased from 65.69 ± 9.61 to 80.42 ± 7.70% when the resolution increased from 48 × 48 to 64 × 64. When the resolution increased from 64 × 64 to 128 × 128, the time required to recognize the room type decreased from 68.25 ± 17.23 to 44.88 ± 9.94 s, and object recognition accuracy increased from 80.42 ± 7.71 to 85.69 ± 7.39%. Therefore, one can conclude that there are correlations between pathfinding and recognition. When the resolution increased, the time required for recognition decreased, the recognition accuracy increased, and the number of collisions decreased. Although the subjects could partially complete the recognition task at a resolution of 32 × 32, the recognition time was too long and recognition accuracy was not good enough to identify simple scenes. Complex scenes required a resolution of at least 48 × 48 for complete recognition. In addition, increasing the resolution shortened the time required to identify the type of room, and improved the recognition accuracy.

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Uncorrected refractive errors

Cited by 107 publications

References 92 publications

Barriers to Use of Refractive Services in Mozambique

Barriers to Use of Refractive Services in Mozambique

Analysis and applicability of protocols for the diagnosis of refractive errors in children

Recognition of a Virtual Scene via Simulated Prosthetic Vision

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