Uncovering Cryptic Parasitoid Diversity in Horismenus (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)

Kenyon, Sarah G.; Buerki, Sven; Hansson, Christer; Alvarez, Nadir; Benrey, Betty

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136063

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The molecular analyses of the diversity within the four Chalcidoidea genera studied showed discrepancies with the morphological analysis. This finding is in line with previous studies on hymenopteran parasitoids [ 23 , 43 , 44 ]. For example, Mottern and Heraty [ 45 ] found that one species of the parasitoid previously described as Cales noacki were actually ten different Cales species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Preliminary Investigation of Species Diversity of Rice Hopper Parasitoids in Southeast Asia

Sann

Wemheuer

Beaurepaire

et al. 2018

Insects

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Ongoing intensification of rice production systems in Southeast Asia is causing devastating yield losses each year due to rice hoppers. Their continuing development of immunity to resistant rice varieties and pesticide applications further complicates this problem. Hence, there is a high demand for biological control agents of rice hoppers. Egg parasitoid wasps are among the most important natural enemies of rice hoppers, such as Nilaparvata lugens and Nephotettix spp. However, our knowledge of their diversity is still very limited, due to their small size and the lack of available morphological information. Classifying these parasitoids is the first step to properly understanding their role in the rice agroecosystem. We used traditional morphological identification, as well as DNA sequencing of the 28S rRNA and the COI genes, to investigate the diversity of four important hopper egg parasitoid genera in the Philippines. Parasitoids of the genera Anagrus, Oligosita, Gonatocerus, and Paracentrobia were collected in eight study landscapes located in Luzon. Our findings illustrate that characterization of species diversity using morphological and molecular analyses were concordant only for the genus Paracentrobia. The genera Anagrus and Gonatocerus exhibited more genetic diversity than estimated with the morphological analysis, while the opposite was observed for Oligosita. This is the first study investigating the molecular diversity of rice hopper parasitoids in the Philippines. More research combining morphological, behavioral, and molecular methods, as well as the establishment of a comprehensive DNA database, are urgently needed to assess the performance and suitability of these organisms as biocontrol agents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Preliminary Investigation of Species Diversity of Rice Hopper Parasitoids in Southeast Asia

Sann

Wemheuer

Beaurepaire

et al. 2018

Insects

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“…Nonetheless, these findings have important evolutionary and applied implications. Divergent selective factors that act on the plants and insects associated with wild and cultivated bean populations can lead to specialization and in extreme cases genetic differentiation and host race formation (Alvarez et al, 2007;Laurin-Lemay et al, 2013;Kenyon et al, 2015). There is further evidence for our bruchid-bean system that shows that bean domestication has selected for different behaviors in host use, not only in seed beetles, but also in the natural enemies of these beetles (Benrey et al, 1998;Campan and Benrey, 2004;Aebi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Large Seed Size of Domesticated Lima Beans Mitigates Intraspecific Competition among Seed Beetle Larvae

2017

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The domestication of beans has selected for larger seeds in cultivated plants compared to their wild relatives. This has not only resulted in an enhanced resource for humans, but also for the insects that feed on these seeds. Seed beetles that attack wild and cultivated seeds often lay several eggs on a single seed. We hypothesized that the larger seed size of domesticated beans will mitigate the competition among the larvae that hatch from these eggs, with important implications for their growth and survival. To test this we examined how seed size of wild and cultivated Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) affect the performance of the Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus, an important pest of beans in Mexico. A negative correlation was found between the initial number of eggs on a seed and the weight of female beetles that emerged, but only for the much smaller wild seeds. Similarly, beetle survival was found to be negatively correlated with competition intensity only on wild seeds. Our results imply that by selecting for larger seeds, domestication of P. lunatus has reduced the intensity of intraspecific larval competition of Z. subfasciatus.

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“…We followed the recommendations by Zhang et al (2013) and integrated the bPTP model with their evolutionary placement algorithm (EPA) to count the number of OTUs on the phylogeny (bPTP-EPA). This method was previously successfully applied to several organismal groups (e.g., Kenyon et al, 2015;Morard et al, 2016;Nieto-Montes de Oca et al, 2017). The analysis was conducted using the portal provided by the authors (http://species.h-its.org/ptp/) based on the default parameters.…”

Section: Species Delimitation and Biogeographical Inferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and Ecological Diversification of a Mayfly Clade in New Guinea

et al. 2019

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Understanding processes that have driven the extraordinary high level of biodiversity in the tropics is a long-standing question in biology. Here we try to assess whether the large lineage richness found in a New Guinean clade of mayflies (Ephemeroptera), namely the Thraulus group (Leptophlebiidae) could be associated with the recent orogenic processes, by applying a combination of phylogenetic, biogeographic and ecological shift analyses. New Guinean representatives of the Thraulus group appear monophyletic, with the possible exception of a weakly-supported early-diverging clade from the Sunda Islands. Dating analyses suggest an Eocene origin of the Thraulus group, predating by several million years current knowledge on the origin of other New Guinean aquatic organisms. Biogeographic inferences indicate that 27 of the 28 inferred dispersals (96.4%) occurred during the Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene, while only one dispersal (3.6%) took place during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. This result contrasts with the higher number of altitudinal shifts (15 of 22; 68.2%) inferred during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Our study illustrates the role played by-potentially ecological-diversification along the elevation gradient in a time period concomitant with the establishment of high-altitude ecological niches, i.e., during orogenesis of the central New Guinean mountain range. This process might have taken over the previous main mode of diversification at work, characterized by dispersal and vicariance, by driving lineage divergence of New Guinean Leptophlebiidae across a wide array of habitats along the elevation gradient. Additional studies on organisms spanning the same elevation range as Thraulus mayflies in the tropics are needed to evaluate the potential role of the ecological opportunity or taxon cycles hypotheses in partly explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient.

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Uncovering Cryptic Parasitoid Diversity in Horismenus (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Preliminary Investigation of Species Diversity of Rice Hopper Parasitoids in Southeast Asia

Preliminary Investigation of Species Diversity of Rice Hopper Parasitoids in Southeast Asia

The Large Seed Size of Domesticated Lima Beans Mitigates Intraspecific Competition among Seed Beetle Larvae

Biogeography and Ecological Diversification of a Mayfly Clade in New Guinea

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