Uncovering Entrepreneurial Belief Systems Through Cognitive Causal Mapping

Laukkanen, Mauri; Liñán, Francisco

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85950-3_3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Likewise, entrepreneurial beliefs for the success/failure of new businesses are known to interweave with knowledge in mental schemes that affect entrepreneurial decision making (e.g. Laukkanen and Liñán 2022). Concerning entrepreneurial success beliefs, Kakouris (2018Kakouris ( , 2019 has developed a framework called ASKO where in the individualistic dimension knowledge is dialectically opposed to ability and in the social dimension opportunity is dialectically opposed to support.…”

Section: H1c: Different Project Preference Depends On Entrepreneurial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Literature Students in Entrepreneurship: Could use of art Help?

Kakouris¹,

Liargovas²

2022

ECIE

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Entrepreneurship educators seek innovative teaching in entrepreneurship in order to engage youth populations in venturing by instilling them the entrepreneurial mindset whilst the contemporary progression of entrepreneurship education encompasses its embedded form to other discipline curricula. At a Greek central university, such courses are massively attended by foreign language and literature students during the last decade. In the present implementation, literature students were encouraged to either perform the usual business plan or to analyse a piece of art for their entrepreneurial courses’ project. Pre/post measurements (N=64) for entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial success beliefs and entrepreneurial intention were conducted in order to compare the two groups. T-tests indicate that changes to the entrepreneurial constructs do not significantly vary between the groups. Through a binary logistic regression model, it was found that art-projects were chosen by those who rely more on personal abilities for the success of their initiatives. The article concludes that introducing art in entrepreneurial teaching conforms with some curricular contexts, like literature, affects students in a similar manner with the business plan, but also confronts different learning needs and enables critical thinking and personal autonomy on entrepreneurial meaning-making. The present study offers quantitative insights on how art-based entrepreneurship education could be employed in classrooms compounded with interactive lectures offering new perspectives for enriching the entrepreneurial teaching toolbox.

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Section: H1c: Different Project Preference Depends On Entrepreneurial...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engaging Literature Students in Entrepreneurship: Could use of art Help?

Kakouris¹,

Liargovas²

2022

ECIE

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“…Implications for entrepreneurship development Assuming FEA's small business advisors (SBAs) were informed of this study's findings, they might conclude that NMEs are well-informed, receptive clients. They might also learn that NMEs have fears and erroneous beliefs, unknown to and unattended by the SBAs, because they are not expressed as culturally "unentrepreneurial" and/or because of other, more "important" concrete things like business plans (Laukkanen and Liñ an, 2022). If so, this should raise concerns.…”

Section: Further Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…political science (Axelrod, 1976), management and organisation cognition (MOC) (Hodgkinson, 2015;Walsh, 1995) and entrepreneurship (Laukkanen and Tornikoski, 2018;Tremml, 2020). There are different variants of CCM (Laukkanen and Wang, 2015;Laukkanen and Liñ an, 2022).…”

Section: Comparative Causal Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What lies behind entrepreneurial intentions? Exploring nascent entrepreneurs’ early belief systems

Laukkanen

2022

IJEBR

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PurposeStudies of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) have become increasingly common, informed usually by Ajzen’s (1991) theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Although the TPB postulates that beliefs determine EIs, the contents of the beliefs have not been properly studied, leaving EIs’ cognitive underpinnings and cognitive approaches to influencing EIs unclear. To clarify the TPB/EI-belief nexus, the study examines the conceptual background of entrepreneurial cognitions and elicits the beliefs of a group of nascent micro entrepreneurs (NMEs) to compare them with their TPB attitudes and EIs, facilitating assessing their mutual consistency as implied by the TBP.Design/methodology/approachThe respondents are entrepreneurial novice clients of a micro business advisory organisation. Their TPB attitudes and EIs were measured using standard TPB/EI methods. Comparative causal mapping (CCM) combined with semi-structured interviewing was used to reveal the NMEs’ typical belief systems, presented as aggregated cause maps.FindingsThe NMEs have uniform, relatively detailed belief systems about entrepreneurship and micro business. The belief systems are consistent with theory- and context-based expectations and logically aligned with the NMEs’ expressed TPB attitudes and EIs. CCM provides an accessible method for studying contents of entrepreneurial cognitions.Research limitations/implicationsIt was not possible to study “entrepreneurship-negative” respondents or the intensity or origins of some specific beliefs.Practical implicationsDiagnosing and better understanding beliefs can benefit entrepreneurship education and development, in general or connected with TPB/EI studies.Originality/valueThe study reveals entrepreneurial belief systems systematically, evidently not done before generally or in terms of “everyday” micro entrepreneurship or TPB. It clarifies and supports the TPB notion that beliefs underpin actors’ attitudes and intentions.

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Understanding the contents and development of nascent entrepreneurs’ belief systems

Laukkanen

2023

Int Entrep Manag J

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This study tracks the development of nascent entrepreneurs’ (NE) belief systems (mental models) from the time they were seriously planning entrepreneurship to having started their firms. It aims to reveal their typical entrepreneurship-related belief systems to understand the underlying logic of the contents and their change. Cognitive theory predicts belief systems which are first relatively simple and partly shared, but turn more complex and more divergent, thus facilitating the mental representation of their firms’ different environments. The study finds that the NEs share coherent and rather developed belief systems at the outset. They also become more complex after the transition from prospective to actual entrepreneurship, but unexpectedly more uniform, reflecting the NEs’ need to mentally control not only the external environment but also internal issues they share, such as fears and self-efficacy. This implies that entrepreneurs’ cognitive evolution involves developing the conventional “cold” mental grip of the external environment, but also understanding their affective, “hot” side. The development paths can vary, suggesting a corresponding theoretic model. Methodologically, cognitive/causal mapping and semi-structured interviewing provide an accessible approach to studying both aspects of entrepreneurial cognitions. Pragmatically, the findings suggest that small business support should pay more attention to prospective entrepreneurs’ qualms and beliefs, often hidden and biased.

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Uncovering Entrepreneurial Belief Systems Through Cognitive Causal Mapping

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Engaging Literature Students in Entrepreneurship: Could use of art Help?

Engaging Literature Students in Entrepreneurship: Could use of art Help?

What lies behind entrepreneurial intentions? Exploring nascent entrepreneurs’ early belief systems

Understanding the contents and development of nascent entrepreneurs’ belief systems

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