“…Moreover, it has been argued that organizations implementing ITIL framework may realize benefits in terms of increased customerculture and service as well as the efficiency and transparency of IT processes ( [40]). In a survey of 441 firms, [41]) examined the benefits of implementing ITIL as a framework for ITSM and provided a collection of nine key benefits at strategic and operational levels including: "service quality, standardization of service, customer satisfaction, return on investment, reduction of downtime, benefited from best practice experience of others, financial contribution control, first-call resolution rate, morale of IT" (table 1, p. 366). In our case study organizations, the ITIL project manager at GSP summarized the benefits realized from the implementations as "…we were able to map and document our processes, the customer service culture has improved, now we carry out a satisfaction survey after closing every incident, resolving a problem or fulfilling a request, the average score we have is over 86% satisfaction rate".The GSP ITIL project manager also added "after implementing ITIL the incident resolution time dropped to 45 minutes, we were able to overcome the communication problem, and the service desk has been established and widely advertised as a single point of contact".…”