“…In fact, we recently identified NRIR as an lncRNA upregulated in LPS-stimulated monocytes in a type I IFN-dependent manner and demonstrated that NRIR acts as a positive regulator of the expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) (Mariotti et al, 2019). Remarkably, the role of NRIR in the type I IFN pathway has been confirmed by demonstrations of an upregulated expression of this lncRNA in several diseases characterized by activation of the IFN response, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc) (Mariotti et al, 2019;Servaas et al, 2021), primary Sjögren's syndrome (Peng et al, 2020), and systemic lupus erythematosus (Cao et al, 2019). In contrast, NRIR has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral infections, where it contributes to viral replication by acting as a negative rather than a positive regulator of the expression of ISGs in hepatocytes or epithelial cells (Kambara et al, 2014;Wróblewska et al, 2017;Xu-Yang et al, 2017;Bayyurt et al, 2021).…”