Uncovering the Exosomes Diversity: A Window of Opportunity for Tumor Progression Monitoring

Maisano, Domenico; Mimmi, Selena; Russo, Rossella; Fioravanti, Antonella; Fiume, Giuseppe; Vecchio, Eleonora; Nisticò, Nancy; Quinto, Ileana; Iaccino, Enrico

doi:10.3390/ph13080180

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…This is thought to limit access of tumour cells to the circulation during early disease [ 32 ], and thus may make CTCs less reliable as biomarkers of melanoma progression in comparison to EVs. In contrast to other components of the tumour circulome, EVs are detectable in early stage disease, with an increase in number associated with increased tumour burden [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: The Potential Role Of Evs As a Source Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

et al. 2020

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Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Whilst early detection of disease progression or metastasis can improve patient survival, this remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Importantly, these clinical challenges are not unique to humans, as melanoma affects many other species, including companion animals, such as the dog and horse. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny nanoparticles involved in cell-to-cell communication. Several protein and genomic EV markers have been described in the literature, as well as a wide variety of methods for isolating EVs from body fluids. As such, they may be valuable biomarkers in cancer and may address some clinical challenges in the management melanoma. This review aimed to explore the translational applications of EVs as biomarkers in melanoma, as well as their role in the clinical setting in humans and animals. A summary of melanoma-specific protein and genomic EV markers is presented, followed by a discussion of the role EVs in monitoring disease progression and treatment response. Finally, herein, we reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of methods utilised to isolate EVs from bodily fluids in melanoma patients (human and animals) and describe some of the challenges that will need to be addressed before EVs can be introduced in the clinical setting.

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Section: The Potential Role Of Evs As a Source Of Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

et al. 2020

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“…The deeper analysis of the molecules expressed on the exosomes surface or shuttled by these circulating vesicles could give more information in term of aggressiveness and clinical outcome prediction. To this end, it would be necessary to perform a laboratory protocol able to distinguish tumor-derived exosomes among the variegate range of circulating EVs [48,116]. Then, it would be useful to distinguish the single groups of CLL-derived exosomes in that patients harboring two or more tumor B cell clones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)-Derived Exosomes in Tumor Progression and Survival

et al. 2020

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-lymphoproliferative disease, which consists of the abnormal proliferation of CD19/CD5/CD20/CD23 positive lymphocytes in blood and lymphoid organs, such as bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen. The neoplastic transformation and expansion of tumor B cells are commonly recognized as antigen-driven processes, mediated by the interaction of antigens with the B cell receptor (BCR) expressed on the surface of B-lymphocytes. The survival and progression of CLL cells largely depend on the direct interaction of CLL cells with receptors of accessory cells of tumor microenvironment. Recently, much interest has been focused on the role of tumor release of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), named exosomes, which incorporate a wide range of biologically active molecules, particularly microRNAs and proteins, which sustain the tumor growth. Here, we will review the role of CLL-derived exosomes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the disease.

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“…Moreover, exosomes have been considered useful indicators of disease progression. In cancer, tumor-derived exosomes are pointed out as biomarkers of disease development through tumor progression monitoring [ 65 , 66 ]. In autoimmune diseases, recent works show exosome-associated miRNA profiles as a promising tool for disease monitoring [ 29 , 30 , 67 ] and a prognostic tool for therapy response [ 68 ].…”

Section: Biogenesis and Function Of Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Endogenous Nanovehicles for Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

et al. 2020

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Exosomes, nanometer-sized lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs), have attracted increasing attention due to their inherent ability to shuttle proteins, lipids and genes between cells and their natural affinity to target cells. Their intrinsic features such as stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and ability to overcome biological barriers, have prompted interest in using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, especially for gene therapy. Evidence indicates that exosomes play roles in both immune stimulation and tolerance, regulating immune signaling and inflammation. To date, exosome-based nanocarriers delivering small molecule drugs have been developed to treat many prevalent autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the key features of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, such as therapeutic cargo, use of targeting peptide, loading method and administration route with a broad focus. In addition, we outline the current state of evidence in the field of exosome-based drug delivery systems in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), evaluating exosomes derived from various cell types and engineered exosomes.

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Uncovering the Exosomes Diversity: A Window of Opportunity for Tumor Progression Monitoring

Cited by 35 publications

References 99 publications

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

Circulating Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Impact on Melanoma Diagnosis, Progression Monitoring, and Treatment Response

Role of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)-Derived Exosomes in Tumor Progression and Survival

Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems: Endogenous Nanovehicles for Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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