Uncovering the Research Gaps to Alleviate the Negative Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security: A Review

Abstract

Climatic variability has been acquiring an extensive consideration due to its widespread ability to impact food production and livelihoods. Climate change has the potential to intersperse global approaches in alleviating hunger and undernutrition. It is hypothesized that climate shifts bring substantial negative impacts on food production systems, thereby intimidating food security. Vast developments have been made addressing the global climate change, undernourishment, and hunger for the last few decades, partly due to the increase in food productivity through augmented agricultural managements. However, the growing population has increased the demand for food, putting pressure on food systems. Moreover, the potential climate change impacts are still unclear more obviously at the regional scales. Climate change is expected to boost food insecurity challenges in areas already vulnerable to climate change. Human-induced climate change is expected to impact food quality, quantity, and potentiality to dispense it equitably. Global capabilities to ascertain the food security and nutritional reasonableness facing expeditious shifts in biophysical conditions are likely to be the main factors determining the level of global disease incidence. It can be apprehended that all food security components (mainly food access and utilization) likely be under indirect effect via pledged impacts on ménage, incomes, and damages to health. The corroboration supports the dire need for huge focused investments in mitigation and adaptation measures to have sustainable, climate-smart, eco-friendly, and climate stress resilient food production systems. In this paper, we discussed the foremost pathways of how climate change impacts our food production systems as well as the social, and economic factors that in the mastery of unbiased food distribution. Likewise, we analyze the research gaps and biases about climate change and food security. Climate change is often responsible for food insecurity issues, not focusing on the fact that food production systems have magnified the climate change process. Provided the critical threats to food security, the focus needs to be shifted to an implementation oriented-agenda to potentially cope with current challenges. Therefore, this review seeks to have a more unprejudiced view and thus interpret the fusion association between climate change and food security by imperatively scrutinizing all factors.

Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants

“…Climate variations impact the earth and agriculture through alterations in annual rainfall, mean temperature, heat waves, mutations in weeds, pests, and microbes, atmospheric ozone or carbon dioxide levels, and sea levels. The risk of climate change has significantly increased research interest, as these changes will adversely impact crop production and food security globally ( Raza et al, 2019a ; Bahar et al, 2020 ; Fahad et al, 2021b ; Farooq et al, 2022 ; Haider et al, 2022 ). Specifically, to achieve the sustainable development goal proposed by the FAO of ‘zero hunger’ (SDG2) for an extra 2.3 billion individuals by the end of 2050, agricultural outputs must increase by 70% ( Bahar et al, 2020 ) 1 .…”

Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants

“…Thus, there are numerous advances for retaining a balance between plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. 5 , 6 , 11 To cope with temperature stress, plants modify their morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression, which alters their growing activities to grow and tolerate HS and CS conditions. 5 , 6 , 11 , 15 Temperature extremes (HS and CS) can cause overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) viz singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydroxyl (OH) radicals, superoxide (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).…”

“… 5 , 6 , 11 To cope with temperature stress, plants modify their morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression, which alters their growing activities to grow and tolerate HS and CS conditions. 5 , 6 , 11 , 15 Temperature extremes (HS and CS) can cause overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) viz singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), hydroxyl (OH) radicals, superoxide (O 2 − ), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). 16 , 17 Especially, ROS are exceptionally sensitive to cellular objects and can cause critical oxidative impairment to metabolic events and thus restricting plant growth and development under temperature stress.…”

Tolerant mechanism of model legume plant Medicago truncatula to drought, salt, and cold stresses

“…The climate change products a series of environmental factors which show negative effects to plants ( Farooq et al, 2022 ). Among the environmental constraints, drought, salt, and cold are the main abiotic stresses that influence plants’ physiological and biochemical processes, ultimately reducing crop production ( Rhaman et al, 2021 ; Farooq et al, 2022 ). Up to 45% of the world’s farmland faces frequent water scarcity ( Rhaman et al, 2021 ), and 20–50% of irrigated lands are affected by salinity ( Munns and Tester, 2008 ).…”