Under-five anemia and its associated factors with dietary diversity, food security, stunted, and deworming in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Belachew, Amare; Tewabe, Tilahun

doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01289-7

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interestingly, we found association between serum ferritin and HAZ-score (Table 2) and it was supported by our results that showed iron deficient children had two times risks to be stunted (Table 3). This finding was consistent with a systematic review in Ethiopia that pointed out poor dietary diversity, stunting, food insecurity, and not dewormed were predictors of anemic under-five children [25]. Food insecurity has consequences in both macro and micronutrient deficiencies that increased the risk of child anemia [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Social Determinants and Access to Water-Sanitation-Hygiene as Dominant Risk Factors of Stunting among Under-five Children in Rural Area of East Indonesia

Suciyanti¹,

Wangge²,

Iskandar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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(1) Background: Stunting remains a challenge in Indonesia, where 30.8% of under-five children are stunted and may never reach full potential height and cognitive function. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of stunting in Nangapanda subdistrict, East Nusa Tenggara; (2) Methods: The design was cross-sectional study located in rural area as part of PINTERMIDI UI project. We collected quantitative data on social determinants, weight, height, hemoglobin, ferritin, serum zinc, CRP, worm infection, history of deworming, co-morbidity, food security, and nutrient intake; (3) Results: A total of 196 under-five children included and 74% households were food insecure. The prevalence of stunting was 29.9% in this population (31.8% worm infection, 30.3% iron deficiency, and 28.1% zinc deficiency). Multivariate analysis showed household with 5-8 members (AOR 3.076; 95% CI 1.132 – 8.356) and unsafe drinking water (AOR 1.702; 95% CI 0.825 – 3.512) were significant independent risk factors of stunting after adjusted by child’s gender, father’s occupation, caregiver’s education, monthly expenses, sanitary facilities, and food security status; (4) Conclusions: The number of household members is the only independent risk factor of stunting among children age 24-59 months in rural area of Eastern Indonesia. Development of nutrition sensitive intervention and promotion of family planning are needed in order to increase adequate child’s care and feeding practices in rural area of Eastern Indonesia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Social Determinants and Access to Water-Sanitation-Hygiene as Dominant Risk Factors of Stunting among Under-five Children in Rural Area of East Indonesia

Suciyanti¹,

Wangge²,

Iskandar³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The finding of previous literature revealed that different factors are associated with anemia among children. These include: maternal age [ 18 ], twin births [ 19 ], birth order [ 20 ], residence [ 21 ], child age [ 22 , 23 ], place of delivery [ 24 , 25 ], deworming [ 26 ], childhood nutritional status [ 27 ], household wealth status [ 18 ], maternal education [ 28 ], infectious diseases (malaria, hookworm) [ 29 ], and maternal anemia [ 30 , 31 ]. Besides, in developing countries, anemia varies by socioeconomic factors [ 17 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Anemia is a major public health problem affecting more than half of children under the age of five globally. It has serious short- and long-term consequences including growth retardation, impaired motor and cognitive development, and increased morbidity and mortality. Despite anemia is the leading cause of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited evidence on the prevalence and determinants of anemia among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This study was based on the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of 32 sub-Saharan African countries. A total weighted sample of 135,619 children aged 6–59 months was included in the study. Considering the hierarchical nature of DHS data and the ordinal nature of anemia, a multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was applied. Proportional odds assumption was tested by Brant test and it was satisfied (p-value = 0.091). Besides, deviance was used for model comparison. Variables with a p-value ≤0.2 in the bivariable analysis were considered for the multivariable analysis. In the multivariable multilevel proportional odds model, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported for potential determinant factors of severity levels of anemia. Results The overall prevalence of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa was 64.1% [95% CI: 63.9%, 64.4%]. Of which, 26.2% were mildly anemic, 34.9% moderately anemic and 3% severely anemic. Poor maternal education, lower household wealth status, large family size, being male child, multiple births, having fever in the last two weeks, having diarrhea in the last two weeks, higher-order birth, maternal anemia, underweight, wasted, and stunted were significantly associated with increased odds of higher levels of anemia. Whereas, being 24–59 months age, taking drugs for an intestinal parasite, and born from mothers aged ≥ 20 years were significantly associated with lower odds of higher levels of anemia. Conclusion Severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa was a major public health problem. Enhancing maternal education, providing drugs for an intestinal parasite, designing interventions that address maternal anemia, febrile illness, and diarrheal disease, and strengthening the economic status of the family are recommended to reduce childhood anemia. Furthermore, it is better to strengthen the strategies of early detection and management of stunted, wasted, and underweight children to decrease childhood anemia.

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“…We also excluded children with no haemoglobin values registered and those categorized as wasted (moderate and severe acute malnutrition, weight‐for‐height Z score <−2 standard deviations). We decided to exclude acutely malnourished children because this condition is commonly associated with other diseases that could acutely modify haemoglobin values, such as dehydration caused by diarrheal diseases (Belachew & Tewabe, 2020; Díez & Marrodán, 2018; Leidman et al, 2018; Thakur, Chandra, Pemde, & Singh, 2014). In the case of women having more than one eligible child aged 6 to 59 months, we considered data from their eldest child in order to avoid duplicate observations for the same mother.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficiencies iron, folic acid and hydroxocobalamin are known to be common causes of anaemia (Janus & Moerschel, 2010). Chronic malnutrition and anaemia share many risk factors and children at risk of stunting is also at risk of anaemia and vice versa (Anticona & San‐Sebastian, 2014; Belachew & Tewabe, 2020; Hussien, Larijani, & Esmaillzadeh, 2019; Rahman, Mushfiquee, Shahed, & Howlader, 2019; Reinhardt & Fanzo, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal depressive symptoms are not associated with child anaemia: A cross‐sectional population study in Peru, 2015

Alarcón-Guevara

Peñafiel-Sam

Chang-Cabanillas

et al. 2020

Child

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Introduction Approximately, one in three Peruvian children aged 6 to 59 months old have anaemia. Maternal depression, which may be disabling and affect the proper care of children, is associated with chronic malnutrition in their offspring. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate if there is an association between depressive symptoms of mothers with the presence of anaemia in their children. Methods Analytical cross‐sectional study of the Peruvian Demographic Health Survey 2015, which is nationally representative. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) using a score of 10 as cut‐off. The presence of anaemia was measured using HemoCue® and was considered positive when the haemoglobin was less than 11 g/dl. Results Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) were calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), using generalized linear models of the Poisson family. We analysed 6683 mother–child binomials. The prevalence of anaemia in the children and depressive symptoms in women were 28.7% (95% CI: 27.3–30.2) and 6.9% (95% CI: 6.1–7.9), respectively. We found no statistically significant association between these variables in the bivariable analysis or in the different multivariable models (aPR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.85–1.30). The sample did not have moderate or severe malnutrition. Conclusions There is no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of anaemia in children of mothers with or without depressive symptoms. We recommend continuing research in this field to determine more associate factors to childhood anaemia in order to improve primary prevention interventions. Ideally, conducting longitudinal studies such as prospectives cohorts to determine risk factors should be done.

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Under-five anemia and its associated factors with dietary diversity, food security, stunted, and deworming in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Social Determinants and Access to Water-Sanitation-Hygiene as Dominant Risk Factors of Stunting among Under-five Children in Rural Area of East Indonesia

Social Determinants and Access to Water-Sanitation-Hygiene as Dominant Risk Factors of Stunting among Under-five Children in Rural Area of East Indonesia

Prevalence and determinants of severity levels of anemia among children aged 6–59 months in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis

Maternal depressive symptoms are not associated with child anaemia: A cross‐sectional population study in Peru, 2015

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